Abstract: A preparing method for a cathode active material precursor for a lithium-ion batteries with a tailor-made concentration gradient, includes: an aqueous metal ion solution preparation step for preparing an aqueous metal ion solution A for center and an aqueous metal ion solution B for surface having different compositions, concentrations, and volumes; a mixed metal ion solution formation step for gradually mixing the aqueous metal ion solution B for surface to the aqueous metal ion solution A for center; a control step for setting a composition and a concentration gradient of the mixed metal ion solution and controlling the same in real time, before moving the mixed metal ion solution to a co-precipitation reactor; and a co-precipitation reaction step for performing a co-precipitation reaction according to conditions set in the control step.

Abstract: A method for activating two-dimensional host materials for a multivalent/polyatomic ion battery may include adding a pillaring salt in electrolyte. This process may be followed by in-situ electrochemically intercalating the pillaring ions, solvent molecules and multivalent ions into the van der Waals gap of host materials. After the activation process, the host material is transformed into an interlayer-expanded 2D material with significantly enhanced specific capacity and rate performance for multivalent ion intercalation.

Abstract: A method for producing a metal catalyst, including applying an anodic current with a positive (+) sign to form a metal oxide having a bipyramidal shape, and then applying a cathodic current with a negative (?) sign or applying a potential in a negative (?) direction to form uniform atomic scale pores on the surface and inside of the metal particles, and controlling the amount of oxygen remaining in the metal to modify the metal surface.

Abstract: A method for activating two-dimensional host materials for a multivalent/polyatomic ion battery may include adding a pillaring salt in electrolyte. This process may be followed by in-situ electrochemically intercalating the pillaring ions, solvent molecules and multivalent ions into the van der Waals gap of host materials. After the activation process, the host material is transformed into an interlayer-expanded 2D material with significantly enhanced specific capacity and rate performance for multivalent ion intercalation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bus stop using a large-scale perovskite solar cell in which a perovskite solar cell is prepared using a hybrid structure including a graphene-carbon nanotube. The bus stop includes a body unit fixed to the ground to maintain the overall shape, a solar cell unit for producing electrical energy from sunlight, and an energy storage system (ESS) for storing the electrical energy produced by the solar cell part.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bus stop using a large-scale perovskite solar cell in which a perovskite solar cell is prepared using a hybrid structure including a graphene-carbon nanotube. The bus stop includes a body unit fixed to the ground to maintain the overall shape, a solar cell unit for producing electrical energy from sunlight, and an energy storage system (ESS) for storing the electrical energy produced by the solar cell part.

Abstract: A method for activating two-dimensional host materials for a multivalent/polyatomic ion battery may include adding a pillaring salt in electrolyte. This process may be followed by in-situ electrochemically intercalating the pillaring ions, solvent molecules and multivalent ions into the van der Waals gap of host materials. After the activation process, the host material is transformed into an interlayer-expanded 2D material with significantly enhanced specific capacity and rate performance for multivalent ion intercalation.