Abstract: A coffee tamper may include: a compressing part having a compressing surface for compressing ground beans accommodated in a porter filter; a main body part, which accommodates at least a portion of the compressing part and has a bottom part accommodating an upper side of the compressing surface; an operation part having at least one connection part that protrudes inside the main body part and configured to slide in a first direction; and a button part disposed on an upper side of the operation part and receiving an external force from a user, wherein the operation part has a plurality of insertion protrusions, and the compressing surface has a plurality of through holes corresponding to the plurality of insertion protrusions, and wherein the plurality of insertion protrusions are accommodated inside the main body part in a first state and the plurality of insertion protrusions are exposed outside the main body part through the through holes in a second state when the operation part slides along the first dire

Abstract: Provided are method for producing alkali metal hexafluorophosphate, alkali metal hexafluorophosphate powder, method for producing electrolyte concentrate comprising alkali metal hexafluorophosphate, and method for producing secondary battery. The method for preparing alkali metal hexafluorophosphate includes a step of obtaining an alkali metal hexafluorophosphate by reacting phosphorus pentafluoride with alkali metal fluoride in a haloformate solvent.

Abstract: A user recognition apparatus includes: a visible-light image processing unit configured to acquire a visible-light image using a visible-light camera; an infrared-light image processing unit configured to acquire an infrared-light image using an infrared-light camera; a threshold value processing unit configured to remove a background of the infrared-light image using a threshold value, and generate a clipped infrared-light image; an optical flow processing unit configured to calculate an optical flow based on the clipped infrared-light image and the visible-light image, and generate a clipped visible-light image based on the calculated optical flow; and a visible light processing unit configured to recognize a user based on the clipped visible-light image.

Abstract: A user recognition apparatus includes: a visible-light image processing unit configured to acquire a visible-light image using a visible-light camera; an infrared-light image processing unit configured to acquire an infrared-light image using an infrared-light camera; a threshold value processing unit configured to remove a background of the infrared-light image using a threshold value, and generate a clipped infrared-light image; an optical flow processing unit configured to calculate an optical flow based on the clipped infrared-light image and the visible-light image, and generate a clipped visible-light image based on the calculated optical flow; and a visible light processing unit configured to recognize a user based on the clipped visible-light image.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for providing the touch information of a 3-D object. The method includes creating a hexahedral bounding box around the 3-D object, acquiring a depth information image for each side of the hexahedral bounding box, creating six touch attribute images corresponding to six depth information images, and providing a touch attribute of at least one of the six touch attribute images to a user.

Abstract: A method for verifying authorization with extensibility in an authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) server, and more particularly, a method for verifying authorization in an AAA server capable of uniformly performing an authorization verification function regardless of a variety of authorization verification methods required for a user service provided through a network is provided.

Abstract: The AAA client generates accounting data, transmits an accounting data transmission request message to the AAA server, and then receives a response message to the accounting data transmission request message from the AAA server. If receiving a transmission failure response message for the accounting data from the AAA server, the AAA client stores accounting data generated after receiving the transmission failure response message, and if an amount of the stored accounting data is increased to a certain limit, the AAA client sets an identifier for a batch accounting application in the accounting data and transmits an accounting data transmission request message, including stored batch accounting data and the session information, to the AAA server. The AAA server confirms the identifier and the transmission request message and searches the accounting record for session information mapped to the session information included in the ACR message.

Abstract: In the inter-working method of wireless Internet (gateways) according to the present invention described above, DIAMETER which is the first version of the IETF-RFC standard of mobile IP application is applied to the application scenario based on wireless Internet gateway of a home network, not on FA or HA of Mobile IP. After all mobile communication providers connect to wireless Internet, subscribers are not bounded to the network of their mobile communication provider and have the freedom to select any external wireless Internet portal site and use the service of it. Such a wireless Internet connection method will make wireless Internet contents popular in the open wireless network epoch and provide wireless Internet contents providers with an excellent chance.

Abstract: Provided is a method of controlling a digital photographing apparatus having a shutter release button with a two-step structure. The method includes: selecting a sub-image according to a manipulation of a user; when the shutter release button is pressed to a first step according to the manipulation of the user, compositing the selected sub-image and an input image and displaying the composite image; and when the shutter release button is pressed to a second step according to the manipulation of the user, compositing the input image and the selected sub-image and then storing the composite image in a recording medium.

Abstract: The AAA client generates accounting data, transmits an accounting data transmission request message to the AAA server, and then receives a response message to the accounting data transmission request message from the AAA server. If receiving a transmission failure response message for the accounting data from the AAA server, the AAA client stores accounting data generated after receiving the transmission failure response message, and if an amount of the stored accounting data is increased to a certain limit, the AAA client sets an identifier for a batch accounting application in the accounting data and transmits an accounting data transmission request message, including stored batch accounting data and the session information, to the AAA server. The AAA server confirms the identifier and the transmission request message and searches the accounting record for session information mapped to the session information included in the ACR message.

Abstract: In the inter-working method of wireless Internet (gateways) according to the present invention described above, DIAMETER which is the first version of the IETF-RFC standard of mobile IP application is applied to the application scenario based on wireless Internet gateway of a home network, not on FA or HA of Mobile IP. After all mobile communication providers connect to wireless Internet, subscribers are not bounded to the network of their mobile communication provider and have the freedom to select any external wireless Internet portal site and use the service of it. Such a wireless Internet connection method will make wireless Internet contents popular in the open wireless network epoch and provide wireless Internet contents providers with an excellent chance.