Abstract: An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an upper electrode including a flat upper surface; a lower surface facing the upper surface; and a thickness from the upper surface to the lower surface, wherein the lower surface includes a first profile corresponding to the central area of the lower surface and having a first thickness change rate of ?0.1 to 0; a third profile surrounding the first profile and having a third thickness change rate of ?0.115 to ?0.122; and a fifth profile surrounding the third profile and having a fifth thickness change rate of ?0.003 to 0.003, wherein the first thickness change rate, the third thickness change rate, and the fifth thickness change rate are values obtained by dividing a change in thickness by a change in radius along a horizontal direction parallel to the upper surface from a center of the lower surface.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an upper electrode including a flat upper surface; a lower surface facing the upper surface; and a thickness from the upper surface to the lower surface, wherein the lower surface includes a first profile corresponding to the central area of the lower surface and having a first thickness change rate of ?0.1 to 0; a third profile surrounding the first profile and having a third thickness change rate of ?0.115 to ?0.122; and a fifth profile surrounding the third profile and having a fifth thickness change rate of ?0.003 to 0.003, wherein the first thickness change rate, the third thickness change rate, and the fifth thickness change rate are values obtained by dividing a change in thickness by a change in radius along a horizontal direction parallel to the upper surface from a center of the lower surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is a digital display system based on a common interface. More particularly, a cluster pixel circuit includes a row terminal connected to a row line for receiving PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) clock signal; a column terminal connected to a column line for receiving N-bit data; a first individual pixel driver for driving a first pixel in the cluster pixel; and a second individual pixel driver connected to the first individual pixel driver and for driving a second pixel in the cluster pixel.

Abstract: An energy harvester includes an electrode part including a plurality of partition walls spaced apart from one another in a horizontal direction, and spaces defined between the plurality of partition walls, and a cantilever part including a cantilever member having at least a partial region provided in the space defined in the electrode part, the cantilever member includes a plurality of cantilever members, each of the plurality of cantilever members having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is positioned in the space defined in the electrode part, and wherein the second end is fixedly coupled to a housing, and in which a natural frequency of at least one of the plurality of cantilever members is different from a natural frequency of each of the remaining cantilever members.

Abstract: An embodiment multi-directional vibration energy harvester includes a fixing part in which fixed discs of a conductive material are stacked spaced apart from each other and electrically connected to each other and a vibration unit in which vibration discs are arranged to be spaced apart from each other with the vibration discs being alternately stacked with the fixed discs, wherein the fixed discs and the vibration discs are arranged so that as an arrangement distance between a vibration disc of the vibration discs and a fixed disc of the fixed discs is changed by an external force, an electron moves between the vibration disc and the fixed disc.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of accessing a channel in a wireless local area network is provided. A destination station receives a request to send (RTS) frame to allocate a network allocation vector from a source station over a first bandwidth and transmits a clear to send (CTS) frame over a second bandwidth to the source station in response to the RTS frame. The second bandwidth is dynamically determined when a first parameter has a predetermined value.

Abstract: A electric vehicle cable mounting system includes a driving unit including a rotary disc and allowing a charging cable to be released from a side in accordance with a rotation motion of a rotary disc, a guide unit provided behind the driving unit and allowing the driving unit to move in a vertical direction in accordance with a rotation motion of the rotary disc, and a controller controlling the driving unit and the guide unit such that the charging cable is automatically released in an electric vehicle charge mode and is automatically returned in an electric vehicle charge standby mode.

Abstract: A vehicle body assembly system defines a preset pre-buck section and a preset main-buck section along a conveying route of a floor assembly, and may include: i) pre-buck units which are installed at both sides of the conveying route in the pre-buck section, respectively, restrict lower portions of side assemblies, which vary in accordance with a type of vehicle, with respect to both sides of the floor assembly, and preassemble the lower portions of the side assemblies to the floor assembly by a first welding robot; and ii) main-buck units which are installed at both sides of the conveying route in the main-buck section, respectively, restrict upper portions of the side assemblies preassembled by the pre-buck unit, and post-assemble vehicle body components to the upper portions of the side assemblies by a second welding robot.

Abstract: A vehicle body assembly system defines a preset pre-buck section and a preset main-buck section along a conveying route of a floor assembly, and may include: i) pre-buck units which are installed at both sides of the conveying route in the pre-buck section, respectively, restrict lower portions of side assemblies, which vary in accordance with a type of vehicle, with respect to both sides of the floor assembly, and preassemble the lower portions of the side assemblies to the floor assembly by a first welding robot; and ii) main-buck units which are installed at both sides of the conveying route in the main-buck section, respectively, restrict upper portions of the side assemblies preassembled by the pre-buck unit, and post-assemble vehicle body components to the upper portions of the side assemblies by a second welding robot.

Abstract: A robot transferring system of a component and a transferring method thereof are provided. The robot transferring system of a component includes a hanger in which components including at least one of a cowl plate, a roof rail, and a package tray are disposed. A first sensor detects a reference position of the components disposed in the hanger to detect a shape of the component and a first loading robot capture each component based on a predetermined position determined by the sensor. A first loading jig is disposed at a location in which one of the components captured by the loading robot is disposed and a setting robot transfers the components disposed in the loading jig to a vehicle body to dispose the component to a predetermined position of the vehicle body.

Abstract: A pre-buck apparatus for a vehicle body assembling system comprises a pre-buck section and a main buck section that are set along a transfer path of a floor assembly. The pre-buck apparatus is formed in the pre-buck section, and while the side assembly is disposed in each of opposite sides of the transfer path in the pre-buck section, the pre-buck apparatus controls a lower portion of the side assembly, and the lower portion of the side assembly is pre-assembled to the floor assembly using a first welding robot.

Abstract: A substrate cutting apparatus and a method of manufacturing a display apparatus by using the substrate cutting apparatus, so that an occurrence of an error in cutting a substrate may be prevented and the substrate may be exactly cut. The substrate cutting apparatus includes an integrated laser beam oscillator where an infrared wavelength laser beam oscillator and a short pulse laser beam oscillator are adjacent to each other and are fixed; a stage on which a substrate is disposed; and a transfer unit that transfers at least one of the substrate and the integrated laser beam oscillator so as to control a short pulse laser beam to be irradiated on a region of the substrate, on which an infrared wavelength laser beam emitted from the integrated laser beam oscillator has just been irradiated.

Abstract: A robot transferring system of a component and a transferring method thereof are provided. The robot transferring system of a component includes a hanger in which components including at least one of a cowl plate, a roof rail, and a package tray are disposed. A first sensor detects a reference position of the components disposed in the hanger to detect a shape of the component and a first loading robot capture each component based on a predetermined position determined by the sensor. A first loading jig is disposed at a location in which one of the components captured by the loading robot is disposed and a setting robot transfers the components disposed in the loading jig to a vehicle body to dispose the component to a predetermined position of the vehicle body.

Abstract: A vehicle body assembly system defines a preset pre-buck section and a preset main-buck section along a conveying route of a floor assembly, and may include: i) pre-buck units which are installed at both sides of the conveying route in the pre-buck section, respectively, restrict lower portions of side assemblies, which vary in accordance with a type of vehicle, with respect to both sides of the floor assembly, and preassemble the lower portions of the side assemblies to the floor assembly by a first welding robot; and ii) main-buck units which are installed at both sides of the conveying route in the main-buck section, respectively, restrict upper portions of the side assemblies preassembled by the pre-buck unit, and post-assemble vehicle body components to the upper portions of the side assemblies by a second welding robot.

Abstract: A substrate cutting apparatus and a method of manufacturing a display apparatus by using the substrate cutting apparatus, so that an occurrence of an error in cutting a substrate may be prevented and the substrate may be exactly cut. The substrate cutting apparatus includes an integrated laser beam oscillator where an infrared wavelength laser beam oscillator and a short pulse laser beam oscillator are adjacent to each other and are fixed; a stage on which a substrate is disposed; and a transfer unit that transfers at least one of the substrate and the integrated laser beam oscillator so as to control a short pulse laser beam to be irradiated on a region of the substrate, on which an infrared wavelength laser beam emitted from the integrated laser beam oscillator has just been irradiated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving control information in a mobile communication system. A User Equipment (UE) receives an UpLink Grant (ULG) signal from a BS, and transmits to the BS control information including state information indicating the absence of user data to be transmitted on a Physical Uplink Control CHannel (PUCCH).

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for extracting QoS parameters in a mobile device. In the method, all packets received from a terminal device are monitored, and SIP packets are filtered. When a real-time service application is executed on the terminal device, and an SIP request packet or an SIP response packet is filtered and input, QoS parameters are extracted from the SIP request packet or the SIP response packet. The extracted QoS parameters are incorporated into a wireless link data resource request and transmitted to a wireless network device. When a response to the wireless link data resource request is received, an uplink filter value for a new resource is extracted and added to a packet monitoring list.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for setting a default gateway address of a mobile terminal (MT). In the method, address configuration information is received from a network device. An address different from a Packet Data Protocol (PDP) included in the address configuration information is configured as a network address of the default gateway. Filtering is performed on a packet received by the mobile terminal.