Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device is provided. The method includes providing a substrate having a protruding channel region, forming a gate insulation layer surrounding the protruding channel region, forming a sacrificial layer having an etch selectivity varying in a thickness direction of the sacrificial layer, on the gate insulation layer, and performing a gate-last process to form a gate electrode on the gate insulation layer in place of the sacrificial layer.

Abstract: There are provided a lyophilized preparation of botulinum toxin without a protein stabilizer derived from animals. The lyophilized preparation of botulinum toxin according to the present invention can maintain an activity of botulinum toxin, and also exhibit excellent long-term storage stability even under conditions of high temperature, which may occur when botulinum toxin is stored, delivered, and processed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a liquid pharmaceutical composition of botulinum toxin which is improved in stability. It comprises botulinum toxin, polysorbate 20, and methionine and optionally isoleucine. Employing, instead of the animal-derived protein albumin or gelatin, a combination of polysorbate 20 and methionine and optionally isoleucine as botulinum toxin stabilizers, the liquid pharmaceutical composition eliminates the risk of contaminating the body with serum-derived pathogens or microorganisms and can be administered safely to the body. Also, the composition is convenient for use as a direct injection for patients. Superior to conventional compositions employing either detergents or amino acids in terms of the storage stability of botulinum toxin at 25˜370C as well as at refrigerated temperatures, the liquid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is very useful for storing botulinum toxin under an emergency condition such as an environment without maintaining low temperature.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device is provided. The method includes providing a substrate having a protruding channel region, forming a gate insulation layer surrounding the protruding channel region, forming a sacrificial layer having an etch selectivity varying in a thickness direction of the sacrificial layer, on the gate insulation layer, and performing a gate-last process to form a gate electrode on the gate insulation layer in place of the sacrificial layer.

Abstract: Provided are a method of producing Clostridium botulinum toxin by using a media containing plant-derived components, and a method of producing Clostridium botulinum toxin by using a flexible closed container.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a liquid pharmaceutical composition of botulinum toxin which is improved in stability. It comprises botulinum toxin, polysorbate 20, and methionine and optionally isoleucine. Employing, instead of the animal-derived protein albumin or gelatin, a combination of polysorbate 20 and methionine and optionally isoleucine as botulinum toxin stabilizers, the liquid pharmaceutical composition eliminates the risk of contaminating the body with serum-derived pathogens or microorganisms and can be administered safely to the body. Also, the composition is convenient for use as a direct injection for patients. Superior to conventional compositions employing either detergents or amino acids in terms of the storage stability of botulinum toxin at 25˜370 C as well as at refrigerated temperatures, the liquid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is very useful for storing botulinum toxin under an emergency condition such as an environment without maintaining low temperature.

Abstract: A mobile communication terminal and method for providing an RFID technique is provided. The terminal includes an RFID reader unit for receiving identification information from an RFID tag and a controller for detecting a pre-set theme corresponding to the identification information and outputting a control signal based on the detected theme.

Abstract: A mobile communication terminal and method for providing an RFID technique is provided. The terminal includes an RFID reader unit for receiving identification information from an RFID tag and a controller for detecting a pre-set theme corresponding to the identification information and outputting a control signal based on the detected theme.