Abstract: An optical sensor includes a substrate, a photoelectric element disposed on the substrate and that includes a first electrode, an intermediate layer disposed on the first electrode, and a second electrode disposed on the intermediate layer, a barrier layer disposed on the second electrode, an insulating layer that covers the photoelectric element and the barrier layer, and a bias electrode disposed on the insulating layer and electrically connected to the second electrode. The barrier layer is spaced apart from the first electrode.

Abstract: A clock jitter measurement circuit includes: an internal signal generator configured to generate a single pulse signal and an internal clock signal which are both synchronized with an input clock signal received by the clock jitter measurement circuit, a plurality of edge delay cells serially connected to each other and configured to generate a plurality of edge detection signals respectively corresponding to a plurality of delay edges obtained by delaying an edge of the internal clock signal, a plurality of latch circuits configured to latch the single pulse signal in synchronization with the plurality of edge detection signals and output a plurality of sample signals, and a count sub-circuit configured to count a number of activated sample signals of the plurality of sample signals and output a count value based on the counted number of activated sample signals.

Abstract: A clock jitter measurement circuit includes: an internal signal generator configured to generate a single pulse signal and an internal clock signal which are both synchronized with an input clock signal received by the clock jitter measurement circuit, a plurality of edge delay cells serially connected to each other and configured to generate a plurality of edge detection signals respectively corresponding to a plurality of delay edges obtained by delaying an edge of the internal clock signal, a plurality of latch circuits configured to latch the single pulse signal in synchronization with the plurality of edge detection signals and output a plurality of sample signals, and a count sub-circuit configured to count a number of activated sample signals of the plurality of sample signals and output a count value based on the counted number of activated sample signals.

Abstract: A clock jitter measurement circuit includes: an internal signal generator configured to generate a single pulse signal and an internal clock signal which are both synchronized with an input clock signal received by the clock jitter measurement circuit, a plurality of edge delay cells serially connected to each other and configured to generate a plurality of edge detection signals respectively corresponding to a plurality of delay edges obtained by delaying an edge of the internal clock signal, a plurality of latch circuits configured to latch the single pulse signal in synchronization with the plurality of edge detection signals and output a plurality of sample signals, and a count sub-circuit configured to count a number of activated sample signals of the plurality of sample signals and output a count value based on the counted number of activated sample signals.

Abstract: A clock jitter measurement circuit includes: an internal signal generator configured to generate a single pulse signal and an internal clock signal which are both synchronized with an input clock signal received by the clock jitter measurement circuit, a plurality of edge delay cells serially connected to each other and configured to generate a plurality of edge detection signals respectively corresponding to a plurality of delay edges obtained by delaying an edge of the internal clock signal, a plurality of latch circuits configured to latch the single pulse signal in synchronization with the plurality of edge detection signals and output a plurality of sample signals, and a count sub-circuit configured to count a number of activated sample signals of the plurality of sample signals and output a count value based on the counted number of activated sample signals.

Abstract: A circuit for measuring clock jitter includes: an internal signal generator configured to generate an internal clock signal and a single pulse signal, respectively synchronized with an input clock signal; a plurality of delay units being connected in series with each other and configured to generate respective delayed clock signals; a plurality of latch circuits configured to latch the single pulse signal in synchronization with the respective delayed clock signals, and output sampling signals; and a count sub-circuit configured to output a count value resulting from counting a number of active sampling signals of the sampling signals.

Abstract: A circuit for measuring clock jitter includes: an internal signal generator configured to generate an internal clock signal and a single pulse signal, respectively synchronized with an input clock signal; a plurality of delay units being connected in series with each other and configured to generate respective delayed clock signals; a plurality of latch circuits configured to latch the single pulse signal in synchronization with the respective delayed clock signals, and output sampling signals; and a count sub-circuit configured to output a count value resulting from counting a number of active sampling signals of the sampling signals.

Abstract: A urea-water injector module is provided. The urea-water injector module includes an injector configured to discharge urea water to purify exhaust gas of a vehicle, a main body having the injector installed therein, and a plurality of heat dissipation plates stacked on an exterior surface of the main body to assist heat dissipation. Further the urea-water injector includes a heat block flange disposed under the heat dissipation plate and configured to obstruct heat from being transferred from an exhaust pipe and a mounting unit disposed under the heat block flange and coupled to the exhaust pipe.