Abstract: A composition for solar cell electrodes includes a silver (Ag) powder, a glass frit containing silver (Ag), tellurium (Te) and zinc (Zn), and an organic vehicle, wherein the glass frit has a mole ratio of Ag to Te ranging from about 1:0.1 to about 1:50 and a mole ratio of Ag to Zn ranging from about 1:0.1 to about 1:40.

Abstract: A composition for solar cell electrodes includes silver powder, a glass frit, and an organic vehicle. The glass frit includes a first glass frit and a second glass frit. The first glass frit includes tellurium (Te) and silver (Ag) in a molar ratio (Te:Ag) of about 75:1 to about 1:25. The second glass frit includes a lead-tellurium-oxide (Pb—Te—O)-based glass frit or a bismuth-tellurium-oxide (Bi—Te—O)-based glass frit and is free from silver (Ag).

Abstract: A composition for solar cell electrodes and a solar cell electrode prepared using the same, the composition including a conductive powder; a glass frit; an organic vehicle; a slip agent; and a thixotropic agent, wherein the composition has an angular velocity of 0.1 rad/sec to 80 rad/sec, as measured for tan ? max under conditions of 23 ° C. and 0.1 rad/sec to 1,000 rad/sec.

Abstract: A composition for solar cell electrodes includes a conductive powder, a glass frit containing bismuth (Bi), tellurium (Te), and molybdenum (Mo), and an organic vehicle. The glass frit has a molar ratio of bismuth (Bi) to tellurium (Te) of about 1:7 to about 1:800 and contains about 0.1 mol % to about 40 mol % of molybdenum (Mo).

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a finger electrode for a solar cell, the method including printing a conductive paste on a front surface of a substrate using a printing mask having an opening rate of about 65% or more and baking the printed conductive paste. The conductive paste includes a conductive powder, a glass frit including about 30 mol % to about 60 mol % of tellurium oxide and about 0.1 mol % to about 10 mol % of tungsten oxide, and an organic vehicle.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a finger electrode for a solar cell, the method including printing a conductive paste on a front surface of a substrate using a printing mask having an opening rate of about 65% or more and baking the printed conductive paste. The conductive paste includes a conductive powder, a glass frit including about 30 mol % to about 60 mol % of tellurium oxide and about 0.1 mol % to about 10 mol % of tungsten oxide, and an organic vehicle.

Abstract: A composition for solar cell electrodes includes silver powder, a glass frit, and an organic vehicle. The glass frit includes a first glass frit and a second glass frit. The first glass frit includes tellurium (Te) and silver (Ag) in a molar ratio (Te:Ag) of about 75:1 to about 1:25. The second glass frit includes a lead-tellurium-oxide (Pb—Te—O)-based glass frit or a bismuth-tellurium-oxide (Bi—Te—O)-based glass frit and is free from silver (Ag).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for forming a solar cell electrode, comprising: silver (Ag) powder; a glass frit comprising silver (Ag) and tellurium (Te) elements; and an organic vehicle, wherein the glass frit has a mole ratio of 1:01 to 1:25 of Ag to Te. The solar cell electrode produced from the composition has excellent fill factor and conversion efficiency as contact resistance (Rc) and series resistance (Rs) are minimized.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to a composition for forming a solar cell electrode, and a solar cell electrode prepared using the composition. The composition for forming a solar cell electrode includes a silver (Ag) powder, a glass frit, and an organic vehicle, wherein the glass frit includes silver (Ag); tellurium (Te); and at least one selected from the group of lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K), a molar ratio of the silver (Ag):the tellurium (Te) included in the glass frit is in a range of about 1:0.1 to about 1:50, and a molar ratio of the silver (Ag):lithium (Li), sodium (Na) or potassium (K) is in a range of about 1:0.01 to about 1:10. The solar cell electrode prepared using the composition has excellent fill factor and conversion efficiency due to minimized contact resistance (Rc) and series resistance (Rs).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for forming a solar cell electrode, comprising: silver (Ag) powder; a glass frit comprising silver (Ag) and tellurium (Te) elements; and an organic vehicle, wherein the glass frit has a mole ratio of 1:01 to 1:25 of Ag to Te. The solar cell electrode produced from the composition has excellent fill factor and conversion efficiency as contact resistance (Rc) and series resistance (Rs) are minimized.

Abstract: In order to produce metallurgical grade silicon and solar cell grade polysilicon in batches, a method of the present invention comprises: a step of reduction in an arc furnace, consisting of removing C and CO in a silicon reduction atmosphere using silica stone and carbon black by an arc so as to produce metallurgical grade silicon; a step of refining by slag consisting of removing phosphorus (P) and boron (B) by slag; a step of refining by unidirectional solidification consisting of removing metal impurities (Fe, Al, Ti, Mn, etc.) by means of unidirectional solidification; and a step of steam plasma-electromagnetism continuous refining consisting of charging a furnace with the unidirectionally solidified silicon and removing boron (B) by a steam plasma torch.

Abstract: A solar cell, including a p-n junction substrate; and an electrode on one surface of the p-n junction substrate. The p-n junction substrate may have a sheet resistance of about 85 ?/sq to about 150 ?/sq, and a silver (Ag) crystal having a particle diameter of about 10 nm to about 1,000 nm may be present within the electrode adjacent to an interface between the p-n junction substrate and the electrode.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to a composition for forming a solar cell electrode, and a solar cell electrode prepared using the composition. The composition for forming a solar cell electrode includes a silver (Ag) powder, a glass frit, and an organic vehicle, wherein the glass frit includes silver (Ag); tellurium (Te); and at least one selected from the group of lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K), a molar ratio of the silver (Ag): the tellurium (Te) included in the glass frit is in a range of about 1:0.1 to about 1:50, and a molar ratio of the silver (Ag) : lithium (Li), sodium (Na) or potassium (K) is in a range of about 1:0.01 to about 1:10. The solar cell electrode prepared using the composition has excellent fill factor and conversion efficiency due to minimized contact resistance (Rc) and series resistance (Rs).

Abstract: A composition for solar cell electrodes includes a silver (Ag) powder, a glass frit containing silver (Ag), tellurium (Te) and zinc (Zn), and an organic vehicle, wherein the glass frit has a mole ratio of Ag to Te ranging from about 1:0.1 to about 1:50 and a mole ratio of Ag to Zn ranging from about 1:0.1 to about 1:40.

Abstract: A composition for solar cell electrodes includes a silver (Ag) powder, a glass frit containing elemental silver (Ag) and at least one element of lead (Pb) and bismuth (Bi), and an organic vehicle. The glass frit has a mole ratio of Ag to Pb ranging from about 1:0.1 to about 1:50, or a mole ratio of Ag to Bi ranging from about 1:0.1 to about 1:20.

Abstract: In order to produce metallurgical grade silicon and solar cell grade polysilicon in batches, a method of the present invention comprises: a step of reduction in an arc furnace, consisting of removing C and CO in a silicon reduction atmosphere using silica stone and carbon black by an arc so as to produce metallurgical grade silicon; a step of refining by slag consisting of removing phosphorus (P) and boron (B) by slag; a step of refining by unidirectional solidification consisting of removing metal impurities (Fe, Al, Ti, Mn, etc.) by means of unidirectional solidification; and a step of steam plasma-electromagnetism continuous refining consisting of charging a furnace with the unidirectionally solidified silicon and removing boron (B) by a steam plasma torch.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for refining UMG Si including a vacuum chamber, a cold crucible disposed within the vacuum chamber, a device disposed within the vacuum chamber to supply Si to the cold crucible, a steam plasma torch disposed above the cold crucible to apply steam plasma formed by introducing a reactive gas into plasma flame by an inert gas to the Si supplied to the cold crucible, and an impurity collector disposed above the cold crucible within the vacuum chamber to collect impurity gas generated in the cold crucible and discharge the collected impurity gas to the outside of the vacuum chamber.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for refining UMG Si including a vacuum chamber, a cold crucible disposed within the vacuum chamber, a device disposed within the vacuum chamber to supply Si to the cold crucible, a steam plasma torch disposed above the cold crucible to apply steam plasma formed by introducing a reactive gas into plasma flame by an inert gas to the Si supplied to the cold crucible, and an impurity collector disposed above the cold crucible within the vacuum chamber to collect impurity gas generated in the cold crucible and discharge the collected impurity gas to the outside of the vacuum chamber.