Abstract: A negative active material, a negative electrode, a lithium battery including the negative active material, and a method of preparing the negative active material. The negative active material includes a crystalline carbonaceous substrate; and metal oxide nanoparticles disposed on a surface of the crystalline carbonaceous substrate, wherein the metal oxide nanoparticles have a rutile structure. The negative active material may be used to improve high temperature stability and lifespan characteristics of a lithium battery.

Abstract: In an aspect, a negative active material, a negative electrode and a lithium battery including the negative active material, and a method of manufacturing the negative active material is provided. The negative active material includes a silicon-based active material substrate; a metal oxide nanoparticle disposed on a surface of the silicon-based active material substrate. An initial irreversible capacity of the lithium battery may be decreased and lifespan characteristics may be improved by using the negative active material.

Abstract: Disclosed are a negative active material for a rechargeable lithium battery including a silicon-based material including SiOx particles, where 0<x<2, and a Si—Fe-containing alloy positioned on the surface of the SiOx (0<x<2) particles, a method of preparing the same, and a negative electrode and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte is disclosed. The solid electrolyte includes a main portion that includes ?-alumina or ??-alumina, and an edge portion integrally provided with the main portion. The edge portion has a mixed portion that includes ?-alumina and includes ? alumina or ??-alumina. A concentration gradient of the ?-alumina in the edge portion decreases in a first direction from the edge portion to the main portion.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for treating boil-off gas generated in an LNG storage tank of an LNG carrier for transporting LNG in a cryogenic liquid state, the LNG carrier having a boil-off gas reliquefaction plant, wherein an amount of boil-off gas corresponding to a treatment capacity of the reliquefaction plant among the total amount of boil-off gas generated during the voyage of the LNG carrier is discharged from the LNG storage tank and reliquefied by the reliquefaction plant. The boil-off gas treating method and apparatus can maintain an amount of boil-off gas discharged from an LNG storage tank at a constant level by storing in the LNG storage tank, instead of discharging and burning, surplus boil-off gas which has not been returned to the LNG storage tank through the reliquefaction plant among the total amount of boil-off gas generated in the LNG storage tank, and can prevent waste of boil-off gas and save energy by allowing an internal pressure of the LNG storage tank to be increased.

Abstract: An electrode structure and an electrochemical cell including the electrode structure are provided. The electrode structure includes a porous three-dimensional (3D) outer net including an interconnected plurality of outer metal lines that define a plurality of outer holes between adjacent ones of the outer metal lines. The outer metal lines include a porous 3D inner net, a first layer coating the inner net, and a second layer coating the first layer. The inner net includes an interconnected plurality of inner metal lines that define a plurality of inner holes between adjacent ones of the inner metal lines. The inner metal lines include a first metal. The first layer includes a second metal. The second layer includes a third metal.

Abstract: In an aspect, an electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery, a method of preparing the same, and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same are provided.

Abstract: An electrochemical battery including: a housing; a pouch-shaped solid electrolyte disposed in the housing and having an open end; an insulator that is disposed on the open end of the solid electrolyte to cover the open end and includes a plurality of protrusions facing the open end of the solid electrolyte; at least two types of sealants disposed between the solid electrolyte and the insulator and having different glass transition temperatures, respectively; a first electrode material disposed inside the pouch-shaped solid electrolyte; and a second electrode material disposed outside the pouch-shaped solid electrolyte.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell is disclosed. In one embodiment, the cell includes i) a housing comprising first, second and third chambers, wherein the first chamber is interposed between the second and third chambers, ii) a first separator spatially separating the first and second chambers and iii) a second separator spatially separating the first and third chambers.

Abstract: A method for reliquefying boil-off gas generated in a cargo tank of a liquefied natural gas ship generally includes the steps of compressing boil-off gas generated in the cargo tank with a compressor, sub-cooling the compressed boil-off gas in a heat exchanger, feeding the liquefied gas to a gas phase separator, venting flash gas generated in the gas phase separator through a first pipe, feeding the vented flash gas from the gas phase separator to a gas combustion unit of the ship via the first pipe, oxidizing the vented flash gas in the gas combustion unit, diverting a portion of the compressed boil-off gas from the compressor through a second pipe, feeding the diverted portion of compressed boil-off gas from the compressor to an upper region of the gas-phase separator and returning liquefied gas from the gas-phase separator to the cargo tank.

Abstract: An electrode structure and an electrochemical cell including the electrode structure are provided. The electrode structure includes a porous three-dimensional (3D) outer net including an interconnected plurality of outer metal lines that define a plurality of outer holes between adjacent ones of the outer metal lines. The outer metal lines include a porous 3D inner net, a first layer coating the inner net, and a second layer coating the first layer. The inner net includes an interconnected plurality of inner metal lines that define a plurality of inner holes between adjacent ones of the inner metal lines. The inner metal lines include a first metal. The first layer includes a second metal. The second layer includes a third metal.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte is disclosed. The solid electrolyte includes a main portion that includes ?-alumina or ??-alumina, and an edge portion integrally provided with the main portion. The edge portion has a mixed portion that includes ?-alumina and includes ? alumina or ??-alumina. A concentration gradient of the ?-alumina in the edge portion decreases in a first direction from the edge portion to the main portion.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell includes a housing; a solid electrolyte dividing the housing into a first electrode chamber and a second electrode chamber; a first electrode material accommodated in the first electrode chamber; a second electrode material accommodated in the second electrode chamber; a current collector extending in a first direction in the first electrode chamber; an extended current collector unit extending from the current collector in a second direction; and an electron channel unit on at least one of the current collector and the extended current collector unit.

Abstract: A fuel gas supply system of a vessel, such as an LNG carrier, is provided for supplying fuel gas to a high-pressure gas injection engine of an LNG carrier, wherein LNG is extracted from an LNG storage tank of the LNG carrier, compressed at a high pressure, gasified, and then supplied to the high-pressure gas injection engine. In one embodiment, the system includes a boil-off gas reliquefaction apparatus for reliquefying boil-off gas generated in the LNG tank.

Abstract: A fuel gas supply system of a vessel, such as an LNG carrier, is provided for supplying fuel gas to a high-pressure gas injection engine of an LNG carrier, wherein LNG is extracted from an LNG storage tank of the LNG carrier, compressed at a high pressure, gasified, and then supplied to the high-pressure gas injection engine. In one embodiment, the system includes a boil-off gas reliquefaction apparatus for reliquefying boil-off gas generated in the LNG tank.

Abstract: An electron emission device includes a base substrate, at least one isolation layer on the base substrate, the isolation layer having a first lateral side and a second lateral side opposite the first lateral side, first and second electrodes on the base substrate along the first and second lateral sides of the isolation layer, respectively, a first electron emission layer between the first electrode and the first lateral side of the isolation layer, and a second electron emission layer between the second electrode and the second lateral side of the isolation layer.

Abstract: Electron emission devices include first electrodes on a substrate extending in a first direction and spaced apart from each other. Second electrodes are on the substrate alternating between the first electrodes and extending in a second direction opposing the first direction. First electron emitters and second electron emitters are on side surfaces of the first electrodes and the second electrodes, respectively. Gaps are formed between the first electron emitters and second electron emitters.

Abstract: Electron emission devices include first electrodes on a substrate extending in a first direction and spaced apart from each other. Second electrodes are on the substrate alternating between the first electrodes and extending in a second direction opposing the first direction. First electron emitters and second electron emitters are on side surfaces of the first electrodes and the second electrodes, respectively. Gaps are formed between the first electron emitters and second electron emitters.

Abstract: An operating system of a liquefied natural gas ship for performing sub-cooled liquefaction of boil-off gas includes a boil-off gas compressor, a cryogenic heat exchanger connected to a refrigerator system, and a first check valve and a first pressure control valve, installed in a pipe between a liquefied natural gas phase separator and a gas combustion unit, and a second check valve and a second pressure control valve, installed in a parallel pipe connected to the pipe in parallel. The parallel pipe is connected to a pipe between the boil-off gas compressor and the cryogenic heat exchanger such that boil-off gas is supplied to an upper vapor region of the liquefied natural gas phase separator. Thus, pressure and level of the liquefied natural gas phase separator are stably controlled. Power consumption is effectively reduced, and economical efficiency is achieved by stable operating pressure and level of the liquefied natural gas phase separator.

Abstract: A plasma display panel including a front substrate on which a plurality of discharge electrodes for generating a discharge are formed, a rear substrate on which barrier ribs partitioning discharge cells are formed, the rear substrate being disposed to face the front substrate, and a light absorption layer disposed between the discharge electrodes and the front substrate, the light absorption layer being formed of a plurality of metal particles, and the discharge electrodes being formed of a plurality of extension portions that are grown using the metal particles as seeds, whereby the light absorption layer reduces the reflectivity of the external light.