Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other; an alignment layer positioned on at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate; and a liquid crystal layer positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the alignment layer includes a main chain and at least one side chain connected to the main chain, the at least one side chain includes at least one kind of vertical alignment side chain and at least two kinds of reaction monomer side chains, the reaction monomer side chains include a main reaction monomer and a sub-reaction monomer, and a length of the main reaction monomer is longer than the length of the sub-reaction monomer. The liquid crystal display provides an excellent pretilt characteristic and improved modulus of the formed polymer, thereby minimizing the afterimage.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display may include: a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate, a field generating electrode disposed on at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate, an alignment layer disposed on the field generating electrode, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The alignment layer may include a lower layer including an organic material and an upper layer disposed on the lower layer and including an inorganic material.

Abstract: A display panel includes a lower substrate, an upper substrate and a liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer includes a plurality of domains, a horizontal domain boundary texture area and a vertical domain boundary texture area. The domains are disposed in a matrix shape. The horizontal domain boundary texture area extends in a first direction in a boundary between the domains adjacent to each other in a second direction and has a slope of a liquid crystal slowly (e.g., less) inclined compared to that of the domains. The vertical domain boundary texture area extends in the second direction in a boundary between the domains adjacent to each other in the first direction and has a width larger than that of the horizontal domain boundary texture area.

Abstract: A photo alignment material includes a photo alignment polymer and an organic solvent. The photo alignment polymer is prepared by polymerizing a diamine monomer including at least two photo reactive parts represented by the following Chemical Formula 1. In Chemical Formula 1, R1 represents —(CH2)n—, —O(CH2)n— or R2, R3 and R4 each independently represent —H, —O(CH2)m—1—CH3 or and n and m independently represent an integer of from 1 to 8. Thus, change of the orientation of the alignment layer due to the action of an electric stress may be prevented and/or reduced. Therefore, an after—image may be reduced, and display quality is improved.

Abstract: A photoalignment material and a method of manufacturing of a display substrate using the photoalignment material are disclosed. The photoalignment material includes a photoalignment polymer, a photoalignment additive, and an organic solvent. When the photoalignment additive is used, a side reaction due to ultraviolet (UV) light may be prevented, and the stability of alignment layer may be improved.

Abstract: A display panel includes a lower substrate, an upper substrate and a liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer includes a plurality of domains, a horizontal domain boundary texture area and a vertical domain boundary texture area. The domains are disposed in a matrix shape. The horizontal domain boundary texture area extends in a first direction in a boundary between the domains adjacent to each other in a second direction and has a slope of a liquid crystal slowly (e.g., less) inclined compared to that of the domains. The vertical domain boundary texture area extends in the second direction in a boundary between the domains adjacent to each other in the first direction and has a width larger than that of the horizontal domain boundary texture area.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display including: a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other; an alignment layer disposed on one of the first substrate and the second substrate and including a vertical photo-alignment material which includes a first vertical functional group and a photo-reactive group, and a major alignment material which does not include the photo-reactive group; and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein a ratio of a molar concentration of the vertical photo-alignment material to the molar concentration of the major alignment material increases in a direction towards a surface of the alignment layer adjacent to the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other and a liquid crystal layer formed between the first substrate and the second substrate and including liquid crystal molecules. The liquid crystal layer includes a first sub-region and a second sub-region having different alignment azimuth angles of the liquid crystal molecules, the liquid crystal molecules of the first sub-region are aligned to have a first azimuth angle and a polar angle of less than 90° near the first substrate and are vertically aligned near the second substrate, and the liquid crystal molecules of the second sub-region are aligned to have a second azimuth angle and a polar angle of less than 90° near the second substrate and are vertically aligned near the first substrate.

Abstract: A photoalignment material and a method of manufacturing of a display substrate using the photoalignment material are disclosed. The photoalignment material includes a photoalignment polymer, a photoalignment additive, and an organic solvent. When the photoalignment additive is used, a side reaction due to ultraviolet (UV) light may be prevented, and the stability of alignment layer may be improved.

Abstract: The present invention provides photo-reactive compound. The photo-reactive compound, in which chains are combined to a polymer backbone that is used for a photo-alignment layer compound, is represented by the following Formula 1 or Formula 2. L denotes a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having at least 1 but no more than 18 carbons, V denotes a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having at least 1 but no more than 18 carbons, R1, R2, and R3 each denote H or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having at least 1 but no more than 18 carbons, X+Y=1, 0<X, and Y<1.

Abstract: An alignment substrate includes a substrate and an alignment layer. The substrate includes a plurality of unit pixel areas. Each of the unit pixel areas includes a plurality of sub-pixel areas arranged in a matrix configuration. The alignment layer is on the substrate and has polymer chains protruding from a surface of the alignment layer. The alignment layer has a plurality of alignment vectors in which the polymer chains are pretilted according to the sub-pixel areas. The alignment vectors corresponding to adjacent sub-pixel areas point in different directions from each other.

Abstract: A photo alignment material includes a photo alignment polymer and an organic solvent. The photo alignment polymer is prepared by polymerizing a diamine monomer including at least two photo reactive parts represented by the following Chemical Formula 1. In Chemical Formula 1, R1 represents —(CH2)n—, —O(CH2)n— or R2, R3 and R4 each independently represent —H, —O(CH2)m-1—CH3 or and n and m independently represent an integer of from 1 to 8. Thus, change of the orientation of the alignment layer due to the action of an electric stress may be prevented and/or reduced. Therefore, an after-image may be reduced, and display quality is improved.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first display panel including a pixel electrode, a second display panel spaced apart from and facing the first display panel, and a liquid crystal mixture disposed between the first and second display panels. The liquid crystal mixture contains liquid crystals represented by Formula (1): D-C-A-C?-D???(1).