Abstract: In a substrate fixing device and a method form manufacturing the substrate fixing device, the substrate fixing device includes a lower electrode, a dielectric layer and a plurality of protrusions. The dielectric layer is disposed on the lower electrode. The protrusions are spaced apart from each other, and are protruded from the dielectric layer. Each of the protrusions includes an insulating layer disposed on the dielectric layer, and an upper layer disposed on the insulating layer and contacting a substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a first substrate. A color conversion layer is disposed on the first substrate. A second substrate and a third substrate are disposed on the color conversion layer and face each other. A light amount controlling layer is disposed between the second substrate and the third substrate. A backlight unit is disposed under the first substrate.

Abstract: A light waveguide has a rectangular plate shape and is configured to totally reflect internal light arriving at an angle greater than a critical angle. Light emitting parts are disposed at corners of the light waveguide. Each of the light emitting parts emits light once in a period. A first light receiving part is disposed along a first side surface of the light waveguide, and receives light emitted from the light emitting parts adjacent to a second side surface facing the first side surface of the light waveguide. The second light receiving part is disposed along the second side surface of the light waveguide, and receives light emitted from the light emitting parts adjacent to the first side surface. A detecting part detects a touch position based on an amount of the light received by the first and second light receiving parts.

Abstract: A display device including: first, second and third substrates, where the second substrate is between the first and third substrates; a light amount controlling layer between the first and second substrates; a color providing layer between the second and third substrates; a light source unit which provides light; and a light guide plate disposed below the first substrate, where the light guide plate guides the light from the light source to the first substrate, where the light amount controlling layer and the color providing layer include pixels corresponding to each other, light from the light guide plate and passed through a pixel of the light amount controlling layer to pass through an adjacent pixel of the color providing layer, and the pixels of the color providing layer include a color conversion region and a transparent region.

Abstract: A display device includes a light source unit that emits a first light with a first wavelength, an optical filter that converts the first light to a second light, and an optical shutter that transmits or reflects the first light or the second light.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel and a light source part. The display panel includes a first subpixel having a first color, a second subpixel having a second color and a transparent subpixel. The light source part provides a light to the display panel. The light source part includes a first light source generating a first light having a mixed color of the first primary color and the second primary color and a second light source generating a second light having a third primary color. At least one of the first and second light sources are repeatedly turned on and off.

Abstract: A wide viewing angle liquid crystal display includes color filters having a quantum dot and scattering particles and liquid crystal layer disposed in a microcavity, a distance between the color filter and the liquid crystal layer being sized to minimize display deterioration due to parallax.

Abstract: An image sensor comprises a photoelectric conversion element receiving light to accumulate photocharges, and a wavelength conversion layer formed above the photoelectric conversion element to convert light within a first wavelength band into light within a second wavelength band shorter than the first wavelength band and supply the converted light to the photoelectric conversion element.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a first insulating substrate, a light shielding layer on the first insulating substrate and including a first opening through which a light passes, a second insulating substrate which faces the first insulating substrate, and a shutter part on the second insulating substrate. The shutter part includes a driving beam electrode, a deformable electrode which faces the driving beam electrode and moves in response to a voltage applied to the driving beam electrode, and a shutter. The shutter includes a second opening which corresponds to the first opening of the light shielding layer, is connected to the deformable electrode and overlaps one of the deformable electrode or the driving beam electrode according to a movement of the deformable electrode, in a plan view.

Abstract: A micro-shutter includes a reflective layer, a shutter, and a first actuator. The reflective layer includes a plurality of first openings transmitting a portion of external light, and reflecting the remaining portion of the external light. The shutter includes a plurality of second openings corresponding to the first openings to transmit the portion of the external light. The first actuator is provided at one side of the shutter and includes at least three electrodes. The first actuator adjusts an overlap area between the first openings and the second openings according to a level of a voltage applied to the actuator electrodes.

Abstract: The display substrate includes a base substrate, a micro shutter, a first driving electrode, a second driving electrode and a plurality of anchors. The micro shutter is disposed on the base substrate, and includes a plurality of opening parts and a blocking part. The blocking part includes at least two trench structures and the blocking part is disposed between an adjacent pair of the opening parts . The first driving electrode is connected to a first side of the micro shutter. The second driving electrode is connected to a second side of the micro shutter opposite to the first side of the micro shutter. The plurality of anchors fixes the first and second driving electrodes and the micro shutter on the base substrate.

Abstract: A display substrate includes a base substrate, a micro shutter, a first driving electrode, a second driving electrode, and a plurality of anchors. The micro shutter includes a flat portion having at least one opening, a main concave portion adjacent to the opening and extending in from the flat portion to a first depth, and at least one sub-concave portion extending in from a bottom surface of the main concave portion to second depth. The first driving electrode is connected to a first side of the micro shutter. The second driving electrode is connected to a second side of the micro shutter. The second side is positioned opposite to the first side. The anchors fix the first and second driving electrodes on the base substrate.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate, and a plurality of pixels including a first pixel. The first substrate includes first openings through which a light is transmitted. The pixels are disposed on at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate. The first pixel includes a first flexible electrode, a second flexible electrode, and a shutter including second openings and disposed between the first and second flexible electrodes. The first flexible electrode receives a first voltage. The second flexible electrode receives a second voltage different from the first voltage. The shutter receives a third voltage. The shutter moves to the first flexible electrode or the second flexible electrode according to a level of the third voltage, thereby controlling the position of the second openings relative to the first openings to control the transmission of the light.

Abstract: A backlight assembly includes a light source part, a base substrate, an insulation layer, and a reflection layer. The base substrate includes a light incident surface into which the light from the light source part is incident, and a light exiting surface adjacent to the light incident surface and through which the light exits. The insulation layer is formed on the light exiting surface of the base substrate. The reflection layer is formed on the insulation layer and forms a concave pattern along with the base substrate and the insulation layer and has an opening portion through which the light exiting from the light exiting surface passes.

Abstract: A display substrate includes a base substrate, a high reflective layer, a metal light reflective layer and a low reflective layer. The high reflective layer is on the base substrate, and includes a high refractive layer and a low refractive layer which alternate with each other. The high refractive layer has a first refractive index, and the low refractive layer has a second refractive index smaller than the first refractive index. The metal light reflective layer is between the high reflective layer and the low reflective layer, and reflects a light. The low reflective layer comprises a light absorbing layer which absorbs a light, and at least one insulating layer. Accordingly, a light utilizing efficiency and a display quality may be increased.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for detecting and quantifying a target substance using a biochip having a substrate onto which probe molecules are fixed, and more particularly, to a method for detecting and quantifying a target substance with the naked eye by using a biochip, comprising the steps of preparing a biochip having a substrate onto which probe molecules are fixed, contacting the biochip with a sample containing a target substance having electric charges, reacting the target substance with nanoparticles having electric charges that are opposite to those of the target substance, and then reacting with a metal enhancing solution so as to amplify the size of the nanoparticles.

Abstract: A cooling device controller for controlling a cooling device is provided. The cooling device controller includes: a capacitor for supplying an output voltage through a first terminal; a first switch between a first input terminal and the first terminal of the capacitor; a predetermined reference voltage applied to the first input terminal; a second switch between a second input terminal and the first terminal of the capacitor, wherein a temperature-sensing voltage is applied to the second input terminal, the temperature-sensing voltage varying according to a first sensed temperature; and a switch controller to receive a first voltage waveform having a duty ratio, the duty ratio dependent on a second sensed temperature, wherein the switch controller is operable to turn on and off the first switch and the second switch according to the duty ratio.

Abstract: The display apparatus including a microelectromechanical (MEMS) shutter is disclosed. The MEMS shutter is shifted by the switching element in a horizontal direction corresponding to the light control area to turn on or turn off the light control area. A first slit transmits light generated from the light source to the MEMS shutter of a first substrate and a second slit of a second substrate corresponding to the first slit provides apertures by overlapping the first slit and the second slit. The apertures of the MEMS shutter are distributed on a two dimensional plane and form a geometrically symmetric pattern that are capable of enhancing light-use efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a display device using a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) and to a manufacturing method thereof. A display device using a MEMS includes a first substrate comprising a first index of refraction; a second substrate facing the first substrate; a reflective layer formed on the first substrate and having a first aperture; a transparent layer covering the first aperture and comprising a second refractive index; and a shutter arranged on the second substrate, wherein a difference between the first refractive index and the second refractive index is equal to or less than 0.1.

Abstract: A light waveguide has a rectangular plate shape and is configured to totally reflect internal light arriving at an angle greater than a critical angle. Light emitting parts are disposed at corners of the light waveguide. Each of the light emitting parts emits light once in a period. A first light receiving part is disposed along a first side surface of the light waveguide, and receives light emitted from the light emitting parts adjacent to a second side surface facing the first side surface of the light waveguide. The second light receiving part is disposed along the second side surface of the light waveguide, and receives light emitted from the light emitting parts adjacent to the first side surface. A detecting part detects a touch position based on an amount of the light received by the first and second light receiving parts.