Abstract: Provided are methods of forming patterns of semiconductor devices, whereby patterns having various widths may be simultaneously formed, and a pattern density may be doubled by a double patterning process in a portion of the semiconductor device. A dual mask layer is formed on a substrate. A variable mask layer is formed on the dual mask layer. A first photoresist pattern having a first thickness and a first width in the first region, and a second photoresist pattern having a second thickness greater than the first thickness and a second width wider than the first width in the second region are formed on the variable mask layer. A first mask pattern and a first variable mask pattern are formed in the first region, and a second mask pattern and a second variable mask pattern are formed in the second region, by sequentially etching the variable mask layer and the dual mask layer by using, as etch masks, the first photoresist pattern and the second photoresist pattern.

Abstract: Provided are a method and a system for controlling access authentication in the process of a handover.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory apparatus having a clock signal generation circuit and a data output circuit is presented. The apparatus includes a delay locked loop (DLL), a phase locked loop (PLL), a frequency discrimination unit, and a data output buffer. The DLL circuit is configured to negatively delay a clock signal to generate a DLL clock signal. The PLL circuit is configured to receive the DLL clock signal to generate a control voltage in response to a frequency of the DLL clock signal and to generate a PLL clock signal of a frequency corresponding to a level of the control voltage. The frequency discrimination unit is configured to discriminate a frequency of the DLL clock signal in accordance with the level of the control voltage to generate a frequency discrimination signal. The data output buffer is configured to receive the DLL clock signal or the PLL clock signal to buffer output data signals.

Abstract: A mobile terminal includes a casing having an upper casing and a lower casing which are disassembled from and assembled to each other with respect to a main board, a connection terminal portion sealed with the casing to prevent intrusion of water through a gap between the connection terminal portion and the casing and having a plurality of connection terminals having one side exposed to the outside of the casing, and a joint terminal portion electrically connected to the main board and having a plurality of joint terminals respectively and electrically connected to the connection terminals in an elastically pressed state when the upper casing and the lower casing are assembled to each other.

Abstract: The present invention provides a (meth)acrylic acid collecting method for collecting a (meth)acrylic acid from a mixed gas that includes an organic byproduct, a steam, and a (meth)acrylic acid that are generated in a production reaction of the (meth)acrylic acid, which includes the steps of a) contacting the mixed gas that includes the organic byproduct, the steam, and the (meth)acrylic acid with a (meth)acrylic acid absorption solvent to obtain a gas that includes the organic byproduct and the steam and the (meth)acrylic acid containing solution while the gas and the (meth)acrylic acid containing solution are separated from each other; b) contacting the gas that includes the organic byproduct and the steam that are obtained in the step a with the organic byproduct absorption solvent to obtain the gas that includes the steam and the organic byproduct containing solution while the gas and the organic byproduct containing solution are separated from each other; c) supplying the gas that includes the steam that

Abstract: A method of transmitting a control signal includes transmitting a random access preamble on a random access channel (RACH) resource in a subframe, wherein the RACH resource includes a preamble period which is a time for transmitting the random access preamble and a cyclic prefix (CP) period which is a time for transmitting a CP, and transmitting a sounding signal on a single carrier-frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbol subsequent to the RACH resource in the subframe.

Abstract: A random access method based on priority is disclosed. A priority-based random access method for use in a random access method supporting emergency communication including selecting, by a user equipment (UE), a random access slot corresponding to priority of the UE, among several random access slots to which at least two priorities are allocated, selecting an arbitrary sequence by the UE, and transferring the selected sequence to a base station via the selected random access slot. The method minimizes a UE access delay time requesting emergency communication by assigning priority to resources, and is able to reduce an amount of wasted resources by effectively distributing resources to not only a high-priority UE but also a low-priority UE according to individual situations.

Abstract: A phase synchronization apparatus includes a bias control unit configured to sequentially delay an input clock signal to generate bias control signals having multiple bits, a bias generation unit configured to generate a pull-up bias voltage having a level that corresponds to logical values of the bias control signals, and to generate a pull-down bias voltage in response to a control signal; and a voltage controlled oscillator configured to include a plurality of delay cells respectively having a pull-up terminal and a pull-down terminal to generate an output clock signal in response to the control voltage, wherein the pull-up bias voltage is supplied to the pull-up terminals of the respective delay cells and the pull-down bias voltage is supplied to the pull-down terminals of the respective delay cells.

Abstract: An ultra-hydrophilic Ti—O—C based nano-film of which deposition thickness was improved and deposition uniformity was excellent was fabricated by mixing a Ti precursor and a liquid having a low boiling point and a high volatility—at a uniform ratio. The catalyst accelerates a vaporization of the Ti precursor and facilitates the Ti precursor to be injected into a reaction chamber, thereby improving plasma polymerization efficiency.

Abstract: A method for establishing a cyclic shift sequence to provide against the frequency offset is disclosed. The method calculates a distance between a channel response position of the sequence and an alias channel response position caused by a frequency offset, calculates the number of cyclic shifts per group according to the calculated distance, and establishes the cyclic shift (CS)-applying interval. This method easily establishes a cyclic shift (CS) interval at a specific location having no overlapping by considering a channel response of a reception (Rx) sequence and an alias location of this reception (Rx) sequence, although a reception (Rx) signal is shifted by a channel delay spreading or a propagation delay irrespective of categories of a domain generating a sequence, so that it can greatly reduce the number of the detection errors and the false alarm rate.

Abstract: A method of generating a code sequence in a wireless communication system is disclosed. More specifically, the method includes recognizing a desired length of the code sequence, generating a code sequence having a length different from the desired length, and modifying the length of the generated code sequence to equal the desired length. Here, the step of modifying includes discarding at least one element of the generated code sequence or inserting at least one null element to the generated code sequence.

Abstract: A method for transmitting channel information and a mobile communication terminal are disclosed. The method for transmitting channel information includes requesting, by a mobile station (MS) through a random access channel (RACH), a base station (BS) to allocate a resource for transmitting channel information, if it is determined that transmission of a channel status of a downlink channel is necessary as a result of monitoring the channel status, and transmitting, from the MS through the RACH to the BS, the channel information which is updated according to the channel status if the resource allocation is completed. Therefore an existing control channel can be efficiently used, without adding a new control channel for channel quality identifier (CQI) transmission by a mobile station or modifying the configuration of a transmitting stage. Further, signal interference for the existing channels can be prevented when generating a scheduling request.

Abstract: A method for communicating with a relay station is disclosed. The method for communicating with a relay station comprises transmitting resource allocation information of downlink traffic and uplink traffic from a base station to the relay; and transmitting the downlink traffic to the relay by encapsulating the downlink traffic in accordance with the resource allocation information and receiving encapsulated uplink traffic from the relay in accordance with the resource allocation information. It is possible to enable efficient communication through a relay using a minimum interface without deterioration of throughput even in the case that a base station does not know detailed attributes of a relay existing in a system. Also, it is possible to coordinate collision through a master relay in case of a system supporting multi-hop relays.

Abstract: A phase synchronization apparatus includes an oscillator gain setting member configured to discriminate a frequency by sequentially delaying input clock signal after dividing the input clock signal at a predetermined division ratio and to generate an oscillator gain setting signal by using discriminated frequency information, and a phase locked loop (PLL) circuit configured to oscillates output clock signal having a frequency corresponding to the oscillator gain setting signal in response to the input clock signal.

Abstract: A power control circuit includes a check unit that receives a reference clock and generates a check signal for cyclically activating a feedback loop of a DLL circuit, a phase detecting unit that detects a phase difference between the reference clock and a feedback clock, and generates a phase difference detection signal, and a signal combining unit that generates a power cutoff signal in response to a locking completion signal, the check signal, and the phase difference detection signal.

Abstract: Provided is an anti-fingerprint coating material for a stainless steel outer case of a home appliance. The coating material includes: polysilicate having 27.6 parts by weight to 36.2 parts by weight; one of epoxy resin and vinyl resin having less than 10.6 parts by weight; colloidal silica having 21.2 parts by weight to 42.6 parts by weight; and an additive having less than 10.6 parts by weight and including at least one hydrophile material selected from the first group consisting of —OH, —NH2, and —COOH and at least one hydrophobic material selected from the second group consisting of —CnF2n+1 and —SiR3.

Abstract: A circuit configured to correct a duty cycle includes a clock dividing unit configured to delay an input clock signal by a specified delay amount and to generate a plurality of delayed clock signals, a clock selection unit configured to output any one among the plurality of delayed clock signals as a selected delayed clock signal in response to duty ratio information of the input clock signal, an edge control unit configured to generate a falling clock signal by controlling a falling edge of the selected delayed clock signal and to generate a rising clock signal by controlling a falling edge of the input clock signal based on information regarding a difference between lengths of a high duration and a low duration of the input clock signal, and a phase mixing unit for mixing phases of the falling clock signal and the rising clock signal and generating an output clock signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and an apparatus for self-calibrating direct current (DC) offset and imbalance between orthogonal signals, which may occur in a mobile transceiver. In the apparatus, a transmitter of a mobile terminal functions as a signal generator, and a receiver of the mobile terminal functions as a response characteristic detector. Further, a baseband processor applies test signals to the transmitter, receives the test signals returning from the receiver, and compensates the imbalance and DC offset for the transmitter side and the receiver side by using the test signals.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory apparatus includes a first delay locked loop configured to delay a system clock by a predetermined time to thereby generate a first delay locked clock synchronizing a data output timing with the system clock, a second delay locked loop configured to delay an inverse signal of the system clock by a predetermined time to thereby generate a second delay locked clock synchronizing the data output timing with the system clock, and a clock selection block configured to select one of the first and second delay locked clocks to thereby output as a reference clock for data output.

Abstract: A method for inserting parity into an FCH is disclosed. A method for inserting parity into a frame control header includes channel-encoding, by an additional channel encoder, a frame control header bit applied to a legacy encoder, and generating an additional codeword, and mapping the codeword generated by the legacy encoder and the additional channel encoder subcarrier mapping codeword to subcarriers. This method inserts parity into the FCH, and defines a new FCH, such that it extends an FCH coverage simultaneously while maintaining a compatibility with a legacy system. Also, it may add additional energy to a legacy FCH or may give a coding gain to the same legacy FCH, such that it can extend information transferable using reserved bits of the FCH.