Abstract: A vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication-based electronic toll collection system (ETCS) according to an embodiment of the present invention includes at least one roadside unit (RSU), a token issuer checking a de-identified token of a vehicle by communicating with an on-board unit (OBU) of the vehicle via the at least one roadside unit, and a clearing house communicating with the token issuer and charging a toll to a driver/owner of the vehicle. The token issuer generates toll information of the vehicle based on the de-identified token of the vehicle and location information of the at least one roadside unit involved in checking the de-identified token.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aroma therapy patch including a herbal layer containing herbal extract which is formed on one surface of a substrate having a specific shape, and an adhesive layer formed on the other surface of the substrate, wherein at least one surface of the substrate is colored. The aroma therapy patch of the present invention exerts aromatic effects by the actions of herbal extracts as well as chromatherapeutic effects induced by a specific color used therein, which can be used easily and cost-effectively by an ordinary person.