Abstract: A waterproofing agent composition comprises 100 parts by weight of the pine resin, 20 to 70 parts by weight of an expanded styrene resin, 1 to 10 parts by weight of a vinyl-based resin and 100 to 750 parts by weight of an organic solvent. The waterproofing agent composition is a liquid and exhibits superior adhesion to various materials, thus providing proofing characteristics, humidity resistance and permeability resistance to surfaces of various materials water. In addition, the waterproofing agent composition may provide heat insulation characteristics along with waterproofing characteristics, humidity resistance and permeability resistance to subjects or bases, thus being used for various purposes.

Abstract: A waterproofing agent composition comprises 100 parts by weight of the pine resin, 20 to 70 parts by weight of an expanded styrene resin, 1 to 10 parts by weight of a vinyl-based resin and 100 to 750 parts by weight of an organic solvent. The waterproofing agent composition is a liquid and exhibits superior adhesion to various materials, thus providing proofing characteristics, humidity resistance and permeability resistance to surfaces of various materials water. In addition, the waterproofing agent composition may provide heat insulation characteristics along with waterproofing characteristics, humidity resistance and permeability resistance to subjects or bases, thus being used for various purposes.

Abstract: A gasification system reduces volume of a bulky carbonaceous feedstock by pyrolysis to bring about a significant reduction in volume. The system includes a pyrolysis chamber, a reformer, a syngas burner, and a syngas storage tank. Flue gas is provided from the chamber to the reformer. Hot gases are introduced to the reformer from the syngas burner. The pyrolysis reaction occurs in the reformer to produce syngas of at least 1200° C. Some of the produced syngas is used to heat the pyrolysis chamber and the rest returns to the reformer with the flue gas. The syngas burner is situated horizontally at the bottom of the reformer, while the pyrolysis chamber is situated vertically at the top of the reformer. The reformer is inclined relative to each of the syngas burner and the pyrolysis chamber.

Abstract: A method of gasifying organic materials (carbonaceous compounds) such as coal and fossil fuel and their mixtures including gasifying wastes into syngas, and an apparatus thereof. The apparatus is suitable to gasify carbonaceous wastes without secondary pollutants formed from oxidation. Further, the apparatus can be used in a system to drive a fuel cell.

Abstract: The present invention features gasification reactor and gas turbine cycle in an IGCC. A gas turbine is coupled to a gasification reactor and drives the gasification reaction. The gasification reactor includes a reduction reaction chamber, a feed stock inlet for introducing the feed stock into the reduction reaction chamber, a gas inlet for introducing an exhaust gas generated by the turbine into the reduction reaction chamber, and a gas outlet for releasing syngas generated by a reduction reaction of the feed stock and the exhaust gas in the reduction reaction chamber. The temperature of the reduction reaction chamber is maintained above 1200° C. and below a non-fluid point of the non-carbonaceous component, such as slag in coal, included in the feed stock.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a gasification system where a bulky carbonaceous feedstock is pyrolyzed at lower temperature (600-1000 C) to bring about a significant reduction in it's volume; and the pyrolysis products are transferred into a smaller reformer at 1200 C to carry out an efficient conversion to syngas. Carbonaceous material constitutes all forms of carbon-containing substance and it includes all fossil fuel, biomass, marine vegetation, animal waste, and industrial organic wastes. Pyrolysis reaction at 600-1000 C produces C1-C8 flue gas and solid char and cokes. Reforming reaction here is more specifically defined as that carbon atom reacts with steam or carbon dioxide gas at 1200 C and reforms into CO gas and all hydrogen atoms are reduced to H2 gas.; It is also referred as endothermic reduction reaction, irregardless of physical and chemical states of carbon, it reacts steam or CO2 gas at 1200 C and above, and reforms into CO and H2 gas, called syngas. No catalyst is needed.

Abstract: A method of gasifying organic materials (carbonaceous compounds) such as coal and fossil fuel and their mixtures including gasifying wastes into syngas, and an apparatus thereof. The apparatus is suitable to gasify carbonaceous wastes without secondary pollutants formed from oxidation. Further, the apparatus can be used in a system to drive a fuel cell.

Abstract: A method of gasifying organic materials (carbonaceous compounds) such as coal and fossil fuel and their mixtures including gasifying wastes into syngas, and an apparatus thereof. The apparatus is suitable to gasify carbonaceous wastes without secondary pollutants formed from oxidation. Further, the apparatus can be used in a system to drive a fuel cell.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of forming a copper wire on a semiconductor device capable of preventing the natural oxidation of copper. The method comprises the steps of: forming an insulation film pattern having vias and trenches on a semiconductor substrate; forming a copper wire by filling up the vias and the trenches with copper; successively forming a capping layer and a protective layer on the copper wire and the insulation film pattern; exposing the copper wire by selectively removing the capping layer and the protective layer; and forming an oxidation-prevention layer on the copper wire. According to the present invention, the natural oxidation of copper is avoided by selectively depositing aluminum on a copper wire pad, and therefore a dependable evaluation is possible from tests of reliability in a high temperature. Furthermore, since aluminum has a lower contact resistance compared with copper, dependable test results are obtained during tests of electrical characteristics.

Abstract: A method of gasifying organic materials (carbonaceous compounds) such as coal, shredded waste tire or waste oil into gaseous fuel, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and an apparatus therefore are provided. The method comprises the steps of supplying initial fuel gas and oxygen into a gasification reactor to produce water and carbon dioxide, supplying the organic materials into the reactor and reacting them with the water and carbon dioxide to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas, discharging the carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas from the reactor, recycling a part of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas discharged from the reactor into the reactor, and reacting the carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas supplied into the reactor with oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide. The method facilitates the control of temperature in the gasification reactor as well as produces fuel gas of high quality by increasing the concentration of hydrogen.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of forming a copper wire on a semiconductor device capable of preventing the natural oxidation of copper. The method comprises the steps of: forming an insulation film pattern having vias and trenches on a semiconductor substrate; forming a copper wire by filling up the vias and the trenches with copper; successively forming a capping layer and a protective layer on the copper wire and the insulation film pattern; exposing the copper wire by selectively removing the capping layer and the protective layer; and forming an oxidation-prevention layer on the copper wire. According to the present invention, the natural oxidation of copper is avoided by selectively depositing aluminum on a copper wire pad, and therefore a dependable evaluation is possible from tests of reliability in a high temperature. Furthermore, since aluminum has a lower contact resistance compared with copper, dependable test results are obtained during tests of electrical characteristics.

Abstract: A method of gasifying large molecular weight organic materials (carbonaceous compounds) such as coal, shredded waste tire or waste oil into gaseous fuel, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and an apparatus therefore are provided. The method comprises the steps of supplying initial fuel gas and oxygen into a gasification reactor to produce water and carbon dioxide, supplying the organic materials into the reactor and reacting them with the water and carbon dioxide to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas, discharging the carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas from the reactor, recycling a part of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas discharged from the reactor into the reactor, and reacting the carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas supplied into the reactor with oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide. The method facilitates the control of temperature in the gasification reactor as well as produces fuel gas of high quality by increasing the concentration of hydrogen.