Abstract: The present invention relates to a peeling device of sheet material for peeling off graphite, and the peeling device of sheet material according to the present invention is characterized in that a specific microchannel is used to apply a shear force required to peel off graphite, and simultaneously, graphene itself is not ground and the discharge flow rate of the graphene dispersion increases to increase graphene preparation efficiency.

Abstract: Provided a high-pressure homogenizer comprising a channel module comprising a microchannel through which an object for homogenization passes, wherein the microchannel is provided with a first flow channel and a second flow channel sequentially arranged along the direction through which the object passes, the first flow channel is provided with a plurality of first baffles disposed so as to partition the microchannel into a plurality of spaces, the second flow channel is provided with a plurality of second baffles disposed so as to partition the microchannel into a plurality of spaces, and at least one of the first baffles is provided to be positioned between two adjacent second baffles.

Abstract: Described systems, apparatuses, and methods relate to volatile memories that are refreshed to maintain data integrity, such as dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) and synchronous DRAM (SDRAM). A memory device includes multiple dies, with each die having a memory array to be refreshed. The multiple dies may be interconnected via at least one inter-die bus of the memory device. A memory controller sends a command to the memory device to enter a self-refresh mode. In response, a die of the multiple dies can enter the self-refresh mode and initiate or otherwise coordinate refresh operations of the other dies. To do so, the die may transmit at least one refresh-related command to at least one other die using the inter-die bus. Multiple different signaling schemes and timing approaches are disclosed. The described inter-die refresh control principles may be implemented in energy-efficient applications, such as in low-power double data rate (LPDDR) SDRAM.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods related to a memory device, such as a low-power dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), and an associated host device are described. The memory device includes control circuitry that can determine an operational status of the memory device (e.g., whether the memory device is currently performing a self-refresh operation). The control circuitry can also transmit a signal indicative of the operational status to the host device in response to receiving a command directing the memory device to exit a self-refresh mode. The host device can operate based on the signal. The signal may therefore allow the memory device, the host device, or both to manage operations, including whether to send, receive, or process commands and data read/write requests during times that may be associated with self-refresh operations.

Abstract: Compositions for inhibiting the aggregation of a granin from a non-toxic low molecular weight form to a toxic high molecular weight aggregated form and/or dissociating a high molecular weight aggregated form to a low molecular weight form are provided. Such a composition typically includes one or more active compounds or agents, which may also be referred to herein as disaggregation compounds. Using the compounds and compositions described herein, methods of i) modulating, inhibiting or preventing the interaction of granins with metal ions, ii) modulating, inhibiting, preventing the aggregation of granins or dissociating aggregated granins, iii) reducing or inhibiting cell toxicity, iv) treating or preventing dementia or Alzheimer's disease, and v) preventing or treating Parkinson's and/or Huntington's diseases are also provided.

Abstract: Provided is a core-shell copolymer, and in particular, a core-shell copolymer including a core and a shell surrounding the core, wherein the core includes a conjugated diene monomer-derived repeating unit, an aromatic vinyl monomer-derived repeating unit, and an aromatic (meth)acrylate monomer-derived repeating unit, the shell includes an alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer-derived repeating unit, an aromatic vinyl monomer-derived repeating unit, and an aromatic (meth)acrylate monomer-derived repeating unit, the core has a particle size of 800 ? to 900 ?, the core-shell copolymer has a particle size of 900 ? to 1000 ?, the core has a refractive index of 1.5355 to 1.5425, and the core-shell copolymer has a refractive index of 1.5415 to 1.5440.

Abstract: An electronic device and an method of the electronic device are provided, where the electronic device maintains a context that does not reflect a request for a secret conversation, in response to the request for the secret conversation being received from a first user, and generates a response signal to a voice signal of a second user based on the maintained context, in response to an end of the secret conversation with the first user.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems related to combining and utilizing multiple memory circuits having complementary characteristics are described. An apparatus may include a first memory circuit having a first characteristic and a second memory circuit having a second characteristic. Contact pads of the first and second memory circuits may be connected in parallel and to a common interface configured to communicate data between the apparatus and an external device.

Abstract: Provided is a method of operating a device having a plurality of operating systems installed therein, the method including: receiving a first user input for selecting at least one application installed in a first operating system among the plurality of operating systems; receiving a second user input for selecting a second operating system, in which a shortcut icon for execution of the selected application is to be displayed, among the plurality of operating systems; creating the shortcut icon based on the first user input and the second user input; and displaying the created shortcut icon on a user interface of the second operating system.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods related to a memory device, such as a low-power dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) and an associated host device are described. The memory device and the host device can include control logic that enables the host device to transmit a burst value to the memory device, which may enable the memory device, the host, or both, to manage refresh operations during a normal operation mode or a self-refresh mode. The burst value can be transmitted to the memory device in association with a command (e.g., a command directing the memory device to enter the self-refresh mode). The burst value can specify a number of self-refresh operations to be initiated at the memory device in response to receiving the command. When the specified number of self-refresh operations are completed, regular self-refresh operations may begin, with an internal self-refresh timer counting an interval to the next self-refresh operation.

Abstract: Described apparatuses and methods provide automated error correction with memory refresh. Memory devices can include error correction code (ECC) technology to detect or correct one or more bit-errors in data. Dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), including low-power double data rate (LPPDR) synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), performs refresh operations to maintain data stored in a memory array. A refresh operation can be a self-refresh operation or an auto-refresh operation. Described implementations can combine ECC technology with refresh operations to determine a data error with data that is being refreshed or to correct erroneous data that is being refreshed. In an example, data for a read operation is checked for errors. If an error is detected, a corresponding address can be stored. Responsive to the corresponding address being refreshed, corrected data is stored at the corresponding address in conjunction with the refresh operation. Alternatively, data being refreshed can be checked for an error.

Abstract: Described apparatuses and methods provide error correction code (ECC) circuitry that is shared between two or more memory banks of a memory, such as a low-power dynamic random-access memory (DRAM). A memory device may include one or more dies, and a die can have multiple memory banks. The ECC circuitry can service at least two memory banks by producing ECC values based on respective data stored in the two memory banks. By sharing the ECC circuitry, instead of including a per-bank ECC engine, a total die area allocated to ECC functionality can be reduced. Thus, the ECC circuitry can be elevated from a one-bit ECC algorithm to a multibit ECC algorithm, which may increase data reliability. In some cases, memory architecture may operate in environments in which a masked-write command or an internal read-modify-write operation is precluded, including with shared ECC circuitry.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods related to a memory device and an associated host device are described. The memory device and the host device can include control logic that allow the memory device and host device to share refresh-timing information, which may allow either the memory device or the host, or both, to manage operations during time that is dedicated to, but unused for, refresh or self-refresh operations. Refresh-timing information shared from the host device may indicate elapsed time since the host device issued a refresh command to the memory device and/or how much time remains before the host device is scheduled to issue another refresh command. Refresh-timing information shared from the memory device may indicate elapsed time since the memory device performed a self-refresh operation and/or how much time remains before the memory device is scheduled to initiate or undergo another self-refresh operation.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods including memory commands for semiconductor memories are described. An example method includes receiving a data clock signal responsive to receiving a timing command, performing an access operation responsive to receiving an access command associated with the timing command, providing an access data clock signal based on the data clock signal, and providing an access data clock signal based on the data clock signal. The access command may be separated in time from the associated timing command by at least one clock cycle of a system clock signal. In some examples, the access command may precede the associated timing command or may follow the associated timing command. In some examples, the access command may immediately follow or precede the associated timing command.

Abstract: A procedure is performed on at least one section of an ocular component. At least one first electro-magnetic radiation is provided to the section so as to interact with at least one acoustic wave in the ocular component. At least one second electro-magnetic radiation is produced based on the interaction. Multiple portions of the second electromagnetic radiation are received. Each portion was emitted from a different corresponding segment of the section. A visco-elastic modulus of the section is monitored based on the multiple portions during the procedure. Feedback is applied to the procedure based at least in part on the monitored visco-elastic modulus, including at least one of: (1) guiding a trajectory of an incision based on different respective monitored values of visco-elastic modulus for the segments, or (2) determining a number of incisions to be made based on different respective monitored values of visco-elastic modulus for the segments.

Abstract: A fuel cell system capable of improving the chemical durability of a membrane electrode assembly by compensating for the amount of an antioxidant lost within the electrolyte membrane or electrode of the fuel cell stack in such a manner that the antioxidant is provided from an antioxidant supply device, provided in a fuel processing system and/or an air processing system, to a fuel cell stack, in preparation for a case where the antioxidant within the electrolyte membrane or electrode is lost due to the dissolution or migration characteristic of the antioxidant.

Abstract: Provided a high-pressure homogenizer comprising a channel module comprising a microchannel through which an object for homogenization passes, wherein the microchannel is provided with a first flow channel and a second flow channel sequentially arranged along the direction through which the object passes, the first flow channel is provided with a plurality of first baffles disposed so as to partition the microchannel into a plurality of spaces, the second flow channel is provided with a plurality of second baffles disposed so as to partition the microchannel into a plurality of spaces, and at least one of the first baffles is provided to be positioned between two adjacent second baffles.

Abstract: A humidifier for a fuel cell includes: a housing that includes a moist air supply port through which moist air is supplied, a moist air discharge port through which the moist air is discharged, and an inflow gas supply port through which inflow gas is supplied; a humidification unit provided in the housing to humidify the inflow gas by using the moist air; and a humidification amount adjusting unit to selectively adjust an amount of humidification of the inflow gas by the humidification unit based on a flow rate of the moist air supplied to the moist air supply port, thereby obtaining an advantageous effect of accurately adjusting the amount of humidification based on an operating condition of a fuel cell stack.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for a source follower-based sensing architecture and sensing scheme are described. In one example, a memory device may include a sense circuit that includes two source followers that are coupled to each other and to a sense amplifier. A method of operating the memory device may include transferring a digit line voltage to one of the source followers and transferring a reference voltage to the other source follower. After transferring the digit line voltage and the reference voltage, the source followers may be enabled so that signals representative of the digit line voltage and the reference voltage are transferred from the outputs of the source followers to the sense amplifier for sensing.

Abstract: Disclosed are a safety service system and a method thereof. The safety service system comprises: a collection unit for collecting position information and image information related to a protected person who is registered by a protector; and a service providing unit for providing the position information and the image information to one or both of the protector and a security company upon detection of a signal that the protected person is in danger.