Abstract: A fastening device for different components is proposed. The device may include a first member having a through passage formed at a connecting end, and a second member including an insertion groove, into which a connecting end of a first member is introduced, and an inlet hole and an outlet hole, which are formed on the opposite side of the insertion groove to communicate with each other through the through passage. The device may also include a connector for fastening or releasing according to a rotational operation position while being inserted to reach the inlet hole, the through passage, and the outlet hole; and a damper positioned on one side of the connector and configured as a single elastic pressing body that prevents rotation of the connector and maintains a fixed state of the connector by contracting or restoring its original shape according to a rotational operation of the connector.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method including forming dummy gate structures on a substrate; forming spacers on sidewalls of the dummy gate structures; forming a preliminary first interlayer insulation pattern to fill a gap between adjacent spacers; etching an upper portion of the preliminary first interlayer insulation pattern through a first etching process to form a preliminary second interlayer insulation pattern; implanting an ion on the dummy gate structures, the spacers, and the preliminary second interlayer insulation pattern through an ion-implanting process; etching an upper portion of the preliminary second interlayer insulation pattern through a second etching process to form an interlayer insulation pattern having a flat upper surface; and forming a capping pattern on the interlayer insulation pattern to fill a gap between the spacers.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method including forming dummy gate structures on a substrate; forming spacers on sidewalls of the dummy gate structures; forming a preliminary first interlayer insulation pattern to fill a gap between adjacent spacers; etching an upper portion of the preliminary first interlayer insulation pattern through a first etching process to form a preliminary second interlayer insulation pattern; implanting an ion on the dummy gate structures, the spacers, and the preliminary second interlayer insulation pattern through an ion-implanting process; etching an upper portion of the preliminary second interlayer insulation pattern through a second etching process to form an interlayer insulation pattern having a flat upper surface; and forming a capping pattern on the interlayer insulation pattern to fill a gap between the spacers.

Abstract: A wafer support assembly can include a wafer chuck including a first surface and a second surface, where the first surface can have a central region that is configured to hold a wafer during ion implantation into the wafer, and an edge region surrounding the central region beyond an edge of the wafer when held in the central region, and the second surface opposing the first surface. An edge mask structure can cover at least a portion of the edge region of the first surface, where the edge mask structure can have a mask body with an inclined side surface facing the central region.

Abstract: A display apparatus is provided, the display apparatus includes a display panel, a backlight unit comprising a light source which irradiates a light to the display panel, a storage which stores a gamma curve indicating relationship between a gray level of an input signal and a luminance of an output signal, and a processor configured to control the backlight unit to decrease a brightness of the light provided to the display panel based on a difference between a first output luminance value which is a maximum luminance value of the display panel and a second output luminance value of the input signal, in which the second output luminance value may be an output luminance value corresponding to the maximum gray level value of the input signal in the gamma curve.

Abstract: A battery pack and a driving method thereof are disclosed. In one aspect, the method includes outputting first data at the first rack BMS, determining whether a response to the first data has been received, and driving the first rack BMS based on whether the response has been received.

Abstract: A battery pack is disclosed. In one aspect, the battery pack includes a battery including at least one battery cell and a battery managing unit for controlling charging and discharging of the battery. The battery managing unit includes a measuring unit measuring at least one parameter of the battery per sampling period and generating measurement data. The battery managing unit also includes a control unit including a plurality of counters corresponding to a plurality of sections defined with respect to the parameter and configured to increment a counter corresponding to the section including the measurement data. The battery managing unit also includes a storage unit storing counter values of the counters in a predetermined address per logging period.

Abstract: A battery pack and a driving method thereof are disclosed. In one aspect, the method includes outputting first data at the first rack BMS, determining whether a response to the first data has been received, and driving the first rack BMS based on whether the response has been received.

Abstract: A power storage system and a method of driving the power storage system and preventing damages due to possible erroneous operations are disclosed. One inventive aspect includes a power converter that converts power, a power storage device that stores power and a main switch that is configured to switch between a charge path and a discharge path. The power storage system controls the main switch by sensing a connection between the power converter and the power storage device.

Abstract: A color filter array and image obtaining apparatus are provided. The color filter array includes at least one unit cell having a predetermined array of pixels, and the predetermined array including the color pixels and transparent pixels. Each 2×2 array of pixels in the unit cell includes one transparent pixel and three color pixels and at least one transparent pixel is located in each row or in each column of the unit cell. The image obtaining apparatus generate an electrical image signal corresponding to sensed light that has passed through the color filter array.

Abstract: A battery system is disclosed. In one aspect, the battery system includes a plurality of battery trays including at least one battery cell, a plurality of slave BMSs for controlling the battery trays, and a master BMS for controlling the slave BMSs. Each slave BMS includes a switch for generating a pulse signal according to an input, a display for displaying a status of the battery tray, and a controller. The controller determines an operation mode of the slave BMS according to the pulse width of the pulse signal, sets an identifier (ID) of the slave BMS according to the number of generated pulse signals, and displays the ID of the slave BMS on the display.

Abstract: A battery pack is disclosed. In one aspect, the battery pack includes a battery including at least one battery cell and a battery managing unit for controlling charging and discharging of the battery. The battery managing unit includes a measuring unit measuring at least one parameter of the battery per sampling period and generating measurement data. The battery managing unit also includes a control unit including a plurality of counters corresponding to a plurality of sections defined with respect to the parameter and configured to increment a counter corresponding to the section including the measurement data. The battery managing unit also includes a storage unit storing counter values of the counters in a predetermined address per logging period.

Abstract: A power storage system and a method of driving the power storage system and preventing damages due to possible erroneous operations are disclosed. One inventive aspect includes a power converter that converts power, a power storage device that stores power and a main switch that is configured to switch between a charge path and a discharge path. The power storage system controls the main switch by sensing a connection between the power converter and the power storage device.

Abstract: A CMOS image sensor is provided. The CMOS image sensor includes a photodiode receiving light and generating photocharges, a transfer transistor connected to the photodiode and transferring the photocharges, a floating diffusion accumulating the photocharges transferred from the transfer transistor, a reset transistor discharging the photocharges accumulated in the floating diffusion, and a merge gate transistor controlling capacitance of the floating diffusion. The CMOS image sensor may obtain a wide dynamic range signal without an increase in size of a pixel.

Abstract: A method, medium, and apparatus for setting an exposure time is provided. The apparatus includes a section setting module which sets one or more luminance sections based on a luminance distribution of an input image, an image division module which divides the input image into two or more regions, a region classification module which classifies the regions into the luminance sections, and an exposure-time setting module which sets an exposure time for each of the regions with reference to a target luminance value, the target luminance value being set based on the results of the classification performed by the region classification module.

Abstract: Disclosed are an image sensor and a local binning method in which binning is applied selectively. For example, binning is applied to pixels having low illumination and binning is not applied to non-low illumination pixels. Information on pixels having low illumination for a first image frame may be stored and used to perform binning with respect to areas of a second image frame corresponding to low illumination pixel areas determined with respect to the first image frame.

Abstract: A tissue culture system for production of infectious hepatitis C virus is described. In particular, the invention provides recombinant monocistronic and bicistronic genomic constructs for production of virus, including constructs for production of wild-type HCV type 2a strain JFH1 and constructs for production of chimeric viruses comprising HCV proteins from strain JFH1 and a second HCV isolate. Constructs of the invention also include a reporter gene to facilitate measurement of RNA replication and viral infectivity in cultures. The cell culture system may also include various factors that improve viral replication or infectivity. In addition, a neutralization assay using HCV grown in cell culture is described.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for obtaining a motion adaptive high dynamic range image, in which a motion degree of a first image and a second taken using different exposure times is calculated. The motion calculation intensity is adjusted based on the calculated motion degree. The motion compensation intensity involves a global motion compensation and/or a location motion compensation. Images subjected to compensation are synthesized and output, so that an image having high dynamic range is obtained.

Abstract: A display apparatus is provided. The display apparatus includes a display panel on which a plurality of X-Y electrode pairs are sequentially arranged, the display panel including a plurality of X electrodes and a plurality of Y electrodes; a driving unit which applies a driving voltage to the X electrodes and the Y electrodes; and a control unit which controls the driving unit to apply the driving voltage to a first electrode group including a number of X-Y electrode pairs that are isolated from one another and then to a second electrode group including a number of X-Y electrode pairs that are arranged among the X-Y electrode pairs included in the first electrode group.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for obtaining a motion adaptive high dynamic range image, in which a motion degree of a first image and a second taken using different exposure times is calculated. The motion calculation intensity is adjusted based on the calculated motion degree. The motion compensation intensity involves a global motion compensation and/or a location motion compensation. Images subjected to compensation are synthesized and output, so that an image having high dynamic range is obtained.