Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a light-emitting element, the method including positioning a substrate, forming a first separation layer, which includes a first sacrificial layer, an etching control layer on the first sacrificial layer, and a second sacrificial layer on the etching control layer, on the substrate, forming at least one first light-emitting element on the first separation layer, and separating the first light-emitting element from the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a superabsorbent polymer absorber containing metal nanoparticles and an application of the superabsorbent polymer absorber which is manufactured by the same and has antibacterial, sterilization, far infrared ray emission, prevention of blood oxidation, and mineral releasing functions. Specifically, the present invention relates to a technique in which metal nanoparticles such as copper, brass, bronze, silver, gold, germanium, and zinc are formed on the superabsorbent polymer by using a water-free manufacturing method, then, when the superabsorbent polymer absorbs water, the metal nanoparticles are naturally and uniformly dispersed, thereby allowing the superabsorbent polymer to exhibit inherent properties of the metal nanoparticles, and an application thereof.

Abstract: A method includes receiving user-created content, as well as at least one of a service identifier (ID) and a content category ID of the user-created content. At least one of a plurality of key information databases is selected based on at least one of the received service ID and the received content category ID. Second key information is extracted from the received user-created content. The selected key information database is searched to retrieve first key information related to the second key information. The user-created content may be classified as spam content based on the extracted second key information and/or the retrieved first key information. The user-created content is conditionally stored in a network accessible data store, available to users of the user-created content hosting site, based upon the classification.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods, apparatuses and systems directed to automatically detecting spam user created content.