Abstract: A light-emitting element includes a first end portion and a second end portion disposed in a length direction of the light-emitting element, a first electrode corresponding to the first end portion, a first semiconductor layer on the first electrode, an active layer on the first semiconductor layer, a second semiconductor layer on the active layer, and a second electrode on the second semiconductor layer and corresponding to the second end portion. The second electrode includes a first layer on the first semiconductor layer, and a second layer on the first layer. The first semiconductor layer includes a p-type semiconductor layer doped with a p-type dopant. The second semiconductor layer includes an n-type semiconductor layer doped with an n-type dopant. The first electrode is in ohmic contact with the first semiconductor layer. The second electrode is in ohmic contact with the second semiconductor layer.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a light-emitting element, the method including positioning a substrate, forming a first separation layer, which includes a first sacrificial layer, an etching control layer on the first sacrificial layer, and a second sacrificial layer on the etching control layer, on the substrate, forming at least one first light-emitting element on the first separation layer, and separating the first light-emitting element from the substrate.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for improving product yields and/or product quality during co-processing of fast pyrolysis oil in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) reaction environment. The systems and methods can allow for co-processing of an increased amount of fast pyrolysis oil while reducing or minimizing coke production for a feedstock including fast pyrolysis oil and a conventional FCC feed. The reducing or minimizing of coke production can be achieved in part by adding a low molecular weight, non-ionic surfactant to the mixture of fast pyrolysis oil and conventional FCC feed.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for improving product yields and/or product quality during co-processing of fast pyrolysis oil in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) reaction environment. The systems and methods can allow for co-processing of an increased amount of fast pyrolysis oil while reducing or minimizing coke production for a feedstock including fast pyrolysis oil and a conventional FCC feed. The reducing or minimizing of coke production can be achieved in part by adding a low molecular weight, non-ionic surfactant to the mixture of fast pyrolysis oil and conventional FCC feed.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and systems for co-processing a hydrocarbon feed in an FCC system with a second feed of a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil and a third feed of a plastic-derived pyrolysis oil and/or lubricant. A method of co-processing fluid catalytic cracking feeds, includes: introducing a hydrocarbon feed to a fluid catalytic cracking reactor, wherein the hydrocarbon feed comprises hydrocarbons; introducing a biomass feed to the fluid catalytic cracking reactor wherein the biomass feed comprises a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil; introducing a waste feed to the fluid catalytic cracking reactor, wherein the waste feed comprises a plastic, a plastic-derived pyrolysis oil, a lubricant, or a combination thereof; and reacting at least the hydrocarbon feed, the biomass feed, and the waste feed in the presence of one or more fluid catalytic cracking catalysts in the fluid catalytic cracking reactor to produce cracked products.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for improving product yields and/or product quality during co-processing of fast pyrolysis oil in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) reaction environment. The systems and methods can allow for co-processing of an increased amount of fast pyrolysis oil while reducing or minimizing coke production for a feedstock including fast pyrolysis oil and a conventional FCC feed. The reducing or minimizing of coke production can be achieved in part by adding a low molecular weight, non-ionic surfactant to the mixture of fast pyrolysis oil and conventional FCC feed.

Abstract: Provided is a process capable of converting the cokes on spent catalysts in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process into synthesis gas. The produced synthesis gas contains high concentrations of CO and H2 and may be utilized in many downstream applications such as syngas fermentation for alcohol production, hydrogen production and synthesis of chemical intermediates. A reducer/regenerator reactor for a fluid catalytic process comprising a chemical looping system to produce synthesis gas is also described.

Abstract: A method may include: providing bio waste stream wherein the bio waste stream comprises at least one bio waste selected from the group consisting of palm oil mill effluent, soapstock, and combinations thereof; introducing the bio waste effluent stream into a fluidized catalytic cracking unit; contacting the bio waste with a catalyst in the fluidized catalytic cacking unit; and cracking at least a portion of the bio waste stream to form cracked products that comprise a cracked product stream.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for increasing the yield of products generated during co-processing of biomass oil in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) system. The systems and methods can allow for increased yield by reducing or minimizing formation of carbon oxides, gas phase products, and/or coke yields during the co-processing. This can be achieved by adding a hydrogen-rich co-feed to the co-processing environment. Examples of hydrogen-rich co-feeds include high hydrogen content vacuum gas oil co-feed, high hydrogen content distillate co-feed, and/or high hydrogen content naphtha co-feed.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to systems and processes for reducing CO2 emissions produced by the regenerator reactor of the fluid catalytic cracking process.

Abstract: A millimeter-wave (mmW) reflective structure configured to reflect incident millimeter waves is provided. The mmW reflective structure includes: a transparent substrate in which unit cells in the form of a matrix are defined, the transparent substrate having an upper surface parallel to first and second directions which are orthogonal to each other; and conductive patterns arranged in the unit cells on the transparent substrate, each of the conductive patterns having a hollow rectangular shape.

Abstract: Provided is a process capable of converting the cokes on spent catalysts in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process into synthesis gas. The produced synthesis gas contains high concentrations of CO and H2 and may be utilized in many downstream applications such as syngas fermentation for alcohol production, hydrogen production and synthesis of chemical intermediates. A reducer/regenerator reactor for a fluid catalytic process comprising a chemical looping system to produce synthesis gas is also described.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to processes for producing biofuel compositions by processing hydrocarbon co-feed and a bio-oil obtained via hydrothermal liquifaction (HTL) of a cellulosic biomass to form an HTL oil. The cellulosic mass can be processed at an operating temperature of about 425° C. or less and an operating pressure of about 200 atm or less. The HTL oil is co-processed with a hydrocarbon co-feed (e.g., petroleum fraction) in a cracking unit, such as an FCC unit, a coker unit or a visbreaking unit, in the presence of a catalyst to produce a cracked product (biofuel). The bio content of the cracked product provides RIN credits for the cracked product.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of drinking water treatment and can be used in public utilities, food industry, and medicine. The proposed artificially mineralized drinking water contains at least one water-soluble compound of magnesium and at least one water-soluble compound of zinc, the concentrations of which in equivalent to magnesium and zinc amounting to 5-65 mg/l and 1-5 mg/l, respectively. The magnesium and zinc compounds are preferably selected from chlorides and/or sulfates. The water may additionally contain water-soluble compounds of calcium, preferably calcium chloride; compounds of fluorine (with 0.1-1.5 mg/l concentration of fluorine) and/or selenium (with 2-9 mg/l concentration of selenium) and/or iodine (with 10-125 ?g/l concentration of iodine), and also compounds of sodium and/or potassium, preferably their hydrogen carbonates and/or chlorides and/or sulfates. The mass ratio of magnesium to zinc is 1:0.02-1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oxidation catalyst, a method for preparing the same, and a filter for exhaust gas purification comprising the same and, more specifically, to an oxidation catalyst, a method for preparing the same, and a filter for exhaust gas purification comprising the same, the oxidation catalyst being formed by comprising an amorphous metal alloy powder, thereby being preparable at a low cost, being capable of enhancing purification efficiency for exhaust gas when applied to the filter for exhaust gas purification, and being capable of deriving reliability enhancement for operation of an exhaust gas purifier having the filter for exhaust gas purification mounted therein.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display device includes a display panel having a plurality of sub-pixels; a memory configured to accumulate and store data displayed by each sub-pixel; and a panel driver configured to: calculate a degradation compensation gain value for increasing or decreasing a luminance of each sub-pixel based on accumulated data of each sub-pixel stored in the memory, generate modulated data of each sub-pixel by modulating input data to each sub-pixel according to the calculated degradation compensation gain value, convert the modulated data into a data voltage, and accumulate the modulated data from the accumulated data of the corresponding sub-pixel and then store the data in the memory.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oxidation catalyst, a method for preparing the same, and a filter for exhaust gas purification comprising the same and, more specifically, to an oxidation catalyst, a method for preparing the same, and a filter for exhaust gas purification comprising the same, the oxidation catalyst being formed by comprising an amorphous metal alloy powder, thereby being preparable at a low cost, being capable of enhancing purification efficiency for exhaust gas when applied to the filter for exhaust gas purification, and being capable of deriving reliability enhancement for operation of an exhaust gas purifier having the filter for exhaust gas purification mounted therein.

Abstract: A device and a method for displaying an image, a device and a method for supplying power, and a method for adjusting brightness of contents are provided. The device for displaying the image includes: a pixel value converter which, if a plurality of color pixel values of the image is received, converts the received color pixel values; a display panel which includes a plurality of color light-emitting devices and which drives each of the plurality of color light-emitting devices based on the converted color pixel values; a light-emission controller which provides the display panel with a control signal which variably controls respective driving times of each of the color light-emitting devices based on colors; and a global controller which controls the light-emission controller to variably adjust a duty ratio of the control signal based on colors and the converted color pixel values.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display device includes a display panel including a plurality of pixels each having an organic light emitting element that emits light according to a current corresponding to a data voltage, and a panel driver configured to divide the display panel into first to Mth blocks, calculate an average picture level of each block from data to be displayed in each of the plurality of pixels of each block, convert the data to be displayed by each of the plurality of pixels of each block into the data voltage, and supply the data voltage to each of the plurality of pixels of each block, where the panel driver controls the data voltage to be supplied to an ith block on the basis of the average picture levels of M number of blocks previous to the ith block, where i is a natural number from 1 to M.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing a three-dimensional (3D) image are provided. The method includes receiving a left-eye image and a right-eye image, estimating an overlap region of the left-eye image and right-eye image; generating an overlap image based on the estimated overlap region; and controlling the left-eye image, the right-eye image and the overlap image to be output.