Abstract: An integrated circuit device includes a lower electrode, an upper electrode, and a dielectric layer structure between the lower electrode and the upper electrode, the dielectric layer structure including a first surface facing the lower electrode and a second surface facing the upper electrode. The dielectric layer structure includes a first dielectric layer including a first dielectric material and a plurality of grains extending from the first surface to the second surface and a second dielectric layer including a second dielectric material and surrounding a portion of a sidewall of each of the plurality of grains of the first dielectric layer in a level lower than the second surface. The second dielectric material includes a material having bandgap energy which is higher than bandgap energy of the first dielectric material.

Abstract: A method and a system thereof for establishing a model for assessing construction site risk levels through deriving BIM-based hazard factors are proposed. The method includes step S110 of collecting similar study trends, step S120 of analyzing a CSI hazard factor profile database, step S130 of collecting construction company development cases and trends, step S200 of establishing a classification system of a risk assessment DB (110) and including step S210 of systematizing a construction site category, step S220 of deriving a quantitative risk level calculation method, and step S230 of analyzing current risk assessment, step S300 of developing a framework and including step S310 of deriving a construction site hazard factor visualization method and step S320 of developing a risk assessment model framework, step S500 of transmitting BIM-based risk assessment model data, and receiving feedback including supplemented data, and step S600 of establishing the BIM-based risk assessment model.

Abstract: Heavy oil feeds are hydroprocessed in the presence of a solvent and in the presence of a catalyst with a median pore size of about 85 ? to about 120 ? under conditions that provide a variety of benefits. The solvent can be an added solvent or a portion of the liquid effluent from hydroprocessing. The processes allow for lower pressure processing of heavy oil feeds for extended processing times or extended catalyst lifetimes be reducing or mitigating the amount of coke formation on the hydroprocessing catalyst.

Abstract: Heavy oil feeds are hydroprocessed in the presence of a solvent under conditions that provide a variety of benefits. The solvent can be an added solvent or a portion of the liquid effluent from hydroprocessing. The processes allow for lower pressure processing of heavy oil feeds for extended processing times or extended catalyst lifetimes be reducing or mitigating the amount of coke formation on the hydroprocessing catalyst.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for producing a hydroprocessed product. The invention is particularly advantageous in that substantially less hydrogen is absorbed during the process relative to conventional hydroprocessing methods. This benefit is achieved by using a particular solvent as a co-feed component. In particular, the solvent component contains at least one single ring aromatic compound and has a relatively low boiling point range compared to the heavy hydrocarbon oil component used as another co-feed component.

Abstract: Heavy oil feeds are hydroprocessed in the presence of a solvent under conditions that provide a variety of benefits. The solvent can be an added solvent or a portion of the liquid effluent from hydroprocessing. The processes allow for lower pressure processing of heavy oil feeds for extended processing times or extended catalyst lifetimes be reducing or mitigating the amount of coke formation on the hydroprocessing catalyst.

Abstract: Heavy oil feeds are hydroprocessed in the presence of a solvent and in the presence of a catalyst with a median pore size of about 85 ? to about 120 ? under conditions that provide a variety of benefits. The solvent can be an added solvent or a portion of the liquid effluent from hydroprocessing. The processes allow for lower pressure processing of heavy oil feeds for extended processing times or extended catalyst lifetimes be reducing or mitigating the amount of coke formation on the hydroprocessing catalyst.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for producing a hydroprocessed product. The invention is particularly advantageous in that substantially longer run length can be attained relative to conventional hydroprocessing methods. This benefit is achieved by using a particular solvent as a co-feed component. In particular, the solvent component is comprised of at least one or more supercritical solvent compounds.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for producing a hydroprocessed product. The invention is particularly advantageous in that substantially less hydrogen is absorbed during the process relative to conventional hydroprocessing methods. This benefit is achieved by using a particular solvent as a co-feed component. In particular, the solvent component contains at least one single ring aromatic compound and has a relatively low boiling point range compared to the heavy hydrocarbon oil component used as another co-feed component.

Abstract: A polymer electroluminescent device is provided. The device includes an anode, a light-emitting layer, a cation-containing water-soluble polymer layer and a cathode formed in this order on a substrate wherein the cation-containing water-soluble polymer layer is formed by wet coating. The cation-containing water-soluble polymer layer as a secondary thin film layer is not dissolved in a solvent for the formation of the underlying light-emitting layer to prevent intermixing between the two layers, thereby enabling the formation of a multilayer structure by wet coating. In addition, the cation-containing water-soluble polymer layer attracts electrons injection from the cathode by an attractive Coulomb force to effectively increase the mobility of the electrons while blocking high-mobility holes from the anode at an interface between the light-emitting layer and the water-soluble layer. Further provided is a method for fabricating the electroluminescent device.

Abstract: A polymer electroluminescent device is provided. The device comprises an anode, a light-emitting layer, a cation-containing water-soluble polymer layer and a cathode formed in this order on a substrate wherein the cation-containing water-soluble polymer layer is formed by wet coating. The cation-containing water-soluble polymer layer as a secondary thin film layer is not dissolved in a solvent for the formation of the underlying light-emitting layer to prevent intermixing between the two layers, thereby enabling the formation of a multilayer structure by wet coating. In addition, the cation-containing water-soluble polymer layer attracts electrons injection from the cathode by an attractive Coulomb force to effectively increase the mobility of the electrons while blocking high-mobility holes from the anode at an interface between the light-emitting layer and the water-soluble layer. Further provided is a method for fabricating the electroluminescent device.

Abstract: A process for increasing the hydrogenation activity, particularly the carbon monoxide hydrogenation activity, of a catalyst or catalyst precursor comprised of a particulate solids support component and a catalytic metal, or metals component, preferably cobalt; cobalt alone or cobalt and an additional metal, or metals added to promote or modify the reaction produced by the cobalt. Treatment of the catalyst, or catalyst precursor is conducted at low temperature ranging from ambient to about 275° C. sufficient to form on the surface of a catalyst precursor, e.g., a cobalt catalyst precursor, a cobalt metal hydroxide, low valence cobalt metal oxide, or mixture of cobalt metal hydroxide and low valence cobalt metal oxide. Sometimes also metallic metal, e.g., cobalt, is also formed, and dispersed on the surface of the support.

Abstract: A catalyst precursor comprising a composite of a solids support, or powder component, and a compound or salt of a metal, or metals component, inclusive of cobalt, is upon reduction rendered catalytically active for conducting hydrogenation reactions, especially carbon monoxide hydrogenation reactions by contact at low temperature with liquid water, or steam, or a mixture of liquid water and steam, sufficient to oxidize and convert the metal, or metals component of the catalyst precursor to a metal hydroxide, low oxygen-containing metal oxide, or mixture of metal hydroxide and low oxygen-containing metal oxide. On reduction, as may be produced by contact and treatment of the oxidized catalyst precursor with hydrogen, the now well dispersed oxide or hydroxylated catalytic metal, or metals component of the catalyst, is reduced to metallic metal, e.g., Co, and the catalyst thereby activated.

Abstract: A process for the partial catalytic oxidation of a hydrocarbon containing feed comprising contacting the feed with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst retained within a reaction zone in a fixed arrangement, wherein the catalyst comprises at least one catalytically active metal selected from the group consisting of silver and Group VIII elements supported on a porous ceramic carrier. The porous ceramic carrier has a distribution of total pores wherein about 70% of the total pores (1) have a volume-to-surface area (V/S) ration that is within about 20% of the mean V/S value for the total pores and no pores have a V/S ration that is greater than twice the mean V/S value for the total pores; (2) have a pore-to-pore distance between neighboring pores that is within about 25% of the mean pore-to-pore distance between neighboring pores; and (3) have a pore throat area that is within about 50% of the mean pore throat are for the pores.