Abstract: This disclosure relates to methods for reducing CO2 emissions from a fluid catalytic cracking process by providing a chemical looping system comprising a regenerator and reducer reactor, an oxidizer reactor, and a combustor reactor, and by sequestering the carbon dioxide of a CO2 and H2O stream. Also, this disclosure relates to methods for reducing CO2 emissions from a fluid catalytic cracking process by partially oxidizing catalyst coke particles in a fluid catalytic cracking regenerator reactor to produce synthesis gas, and by providing a chemical looping system comprising a reducer reactor, an oxidizer reactor, and a combustor reactor.

Abstract: In a seat for a mobility vehicle configured for absorbing an impact load vertically applied in the event of an accident of an aerial mobility vehicle, ensuring the safety of a passenger, the seat includes a seat frame supporting at least a seat bottom of the seat; at least one leg portion supporting the seat frame and including an elongated hole formed to extend in a longitudinal direction of the at least one leg portion; and a pin member mounted on the seat frame and inserted into the elongated hole to connect the seat frame and the leg portion to each other. The elongated hole at least partially includes a narrow portion including a width narrower than a diameter or a width of the pin member.

Abstract: A foldable chair includes a first frame; a second frame disposed in parallel with the first frame; a connection portion configured to movably connect the first frame and the second frame and change in length based on movement between the first frame and the second frame; a seat accommodation portion disposed on one of the first frame or the second frame; and a seat portion. In particular, at least a portion of the seat portion is accommodated in the seat accommodation portion, and the seat portion is configured to be drawn out from the seat accommodation portion and detachably fastened to the other of the first frame or the second frame.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for increasing the yield of products generated during co-processing of biomass oil in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) system. The systems and methods can allow for increased yield by reducing or minimizing formation of carbon oxides, gas phase products, and/or coke yields during the co-processing. This can be achieved by adding a hydrogen-rich co-feed to the co-processing environment. Examples of hydrogen-rich co-feeds include high hydrogen content vacuum gas oil co-feed, high hydrogen content distillate co-feed, and/or high hydrogen content naphtha co-feed. Additionally or alternately, various types of fractions that contain a sufficient amount of hydrogen donor compounds can be used to reduce or minimize carbon oxide formation.

Abstract: In various aspects, systems and methods are provided for operating an oxygen-fired catalyst regenerator with flue gas recycle and CO2 capture. An oxygen-fired catalyst regenerator contrasts with an air-fired regenerator. The oxygen-fired catalyst regenerator substantially reduces nitrogen within the system, which facilitates CO2 capture by reducing the energy required to capture CO2. In various aspects, a first portion of the regenerator flue gas is passed to a CO2 capture system and a second portion is recycled to the regenerator. Before the flue gas is recycled or diverted to the CO2 capture, it is passed to various processes that remove and/or reduce SOx, NOx, particulate, and water content. In various aspects, a portion of the treated flue gas may be combined with substantially pure O2 and recycled to the regenerator.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for expanding the operating envelope for an FCC reaction system while also reducing or minimizing the net environmental CO2 emissions associated with the FCC reaction system and/or the resulting FCC products. In some aspects, reducing or minimizing net environmental CO2 emissions can be achieved during processing of unconventional feeds, such as feeds that are traditionally viewed as having insufficient tendency to coke in order to maintain heat balance within an FCC reaction system. In other aspects, this can correspond to expanding the production of diesel within an FCC reaction system by modifying the reaction conditions in a manner that can cause a reaction system to fall out of heat balance (relative to the heat needed to maintain a target operating temperature) even when using conventional feeds.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for increasing the yield of products generated during co-processing of biomass oil in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) system. The systems and methods can allow for increased yield by reducing or minimizing formation of carbon oxides, gas phase products, and/or coke yields during the co-processing. This can be achieved by adding a hydrogen-rich co-feed to the co-processing environment. Examples of hydrogen-rich co-feeds include high hydrogen content vacuum gas oil co-feed, high hydrogen content distillate co-feed, and/or high hydrogen content naphtha co-feed. Additionally or alternately, various types of fractions that contain a sufficient amount of hydrogen donor compounds can be used to reduce or minimize carbon oxide formation.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for expanding the operating envelope for an FCC reaction system while also reducing or minimizing the net environmental CO2 emissions associated with the FCC reaction system and/or the resulting FCC products. In some aspects, reducing or minimizing net environmental CO2 emissions can be achieved during processing of unconventional feeds, such as feeds that are traditionally viewed as having insufficient tendency to coke in order to maintain heat balance within an FCC reaction system. In other aspects, this can correspond to expanding the production of diesel within an FCC reaction system by modifying the reaction conditions in a manner that can cause a reaction system to fall out of heat balance (relative to the heat needed to maintain a target operating temperature) even when using conventional feeds.

Abstract: A method may include: providing bio waste stream wherein the bio waste stream comprises at least one bio waste selected from the group consisting of palm oil mill effluent, soapstock, and combinations thereof; introducing the bio waste effluent stream into a fluidized catalytic cracking unit; contacting the bio waste with a catalyst in the fluidized catalytic cracking unit; and cracking at least a portion of the bio waste stream to form cracked products that comprise a cracked product stream.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for improving product yields and/or product quality during co-processing of fast pyrolysis oil in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) reaction environment. The systems and methods can allow for co-processing of an increased amount of fast pyrolysis oil while reducing or minimizing coke production for a feedstock including fast pyrolysis oil and a conventional FCC feed. The reducing or minimizing of coke production can be achieved in part by adding a low molecular weight, non-ionic surfactant to the mixture of fast pyrolysis oil and conventional FCC feed.

Abstract: A method may include: providing bio waste stream wherein the bio waste stream comprises at least one bio waste selected from the group consisting of palm oil mill effluent, soapstock, and combinations thereof; introducing the bio waste effluent stream into a fluidized catalytic cracking unit; contacting the bio waste with a catalyst in the fluidized catalytic cacking unit; and cracking at least a portion of the bio waste stream to form cracked products that comprise a cracked product stream.

Abstract: A millimeter-wave reflective structure configured to reflect incident millimeter waves includes: a transparent substrate defining unit cells in the form of a matrix, the transparent substrate having an upper surface; and conductive patterns arranged in the unit cells on the transparent substrate, each of the conductive patterns having a hollow rectangular shape.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and systems for co-processing a hydrocarbon feed in an FCC system with a second feed of a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil and a third feed of a plastic-derived pyrolysis oil and/or lubricant. A method of co-processing fluid catalytic cracking feeds, includes: introducing a hydrocarbon feed to a fluid catalytic cracking reactor, wherein the hydrocarbon feed comprises hydrocarbons; introducing a biomass feed to the fluid catalytic cracking reactor wherein the biomass feed comprises a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil; introducing a waste feed to the fluid catalytic cracking reactor, wherein the waste feed comprises a plastic, a plastic-derived pyrolysis oil, a lubricant, or a combination thereof; and reacting at least the hydrocarbon feed, the biomass feed, and the waste feed in the presence of one or more fluid catalytic cracking catalysts in the fluid catalytic cracking reactor to produce cracked products.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for expanding the operating envelope for an FCC reaction system while also reducing or minimizing the net environmental CO2 emissions associated with the FCC reaction system and/or the resulting FCC products. In some aspects, reducing or minimizing net environmental CO2 emissions can be achieved during processing of unconventional feeds, such as feeds that are traditionally viewed as having insufficient tendency to coke in order to maintain heat balance within an FCC reaction system.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for expanding the operating envelope for an FCC reaction system while also reducing or minimizing the net environmental CO2 emissions associated with the FCC reaction system and/or the resulting FCC products. In some aspects, reducing or minimizing net environmental CO2 emissions can be achieved during processing of unconventional feeds, such as feeds that are traditionally viewed as having insufficient tendency to coke in order to maintain heat balance within an FCC reaction system.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for improving product yields and/or product quality during co-processing of fast pyrolysis oil in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) reaction environment. The systems and methods can allow for co-processing of an increased amount of fast pyrolysis oil while reducing or minimizing coke production for a feedstock including fast pyrolysis oil and a conventional FCC feed. The reducing or minimizing of coke production can be achieved in part by adding a low molecular weight, non-ionic surfactant to the mixture of fast pyrolysis oil and conventional FCC feed.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for improving product yields and/or product quality during co-processing of fast pyrolysis oil in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) reaction environment. The systems and methods can allow for co-processing of an increased amount of fast pyrolysis oil while reducing or minimizing coke production for a feedstock including fast pyrolysis oil and a conventional FCC feed. The reducing or minimizing of coke production can be achieved in part by adding a low molecular weight, non-ionic surfactant to the mixture of fast pyrolysis oil and conventional FCC feed.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and systems for co-processing a hydrocarbon feed in an FCC system with a second feed of a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil and a third feed of a plastic-derived pyrolysis oil and/or lubricant. A method of co-processing fluid catalytic cracking feeds, includes: introducing a hydrocarbon feed to a fluid catalytic cracking reactor, wherein the hydrocarbon feed comprises hydrocarbons; introducing a biomass feed to the fluid catalytic cracking reactor wherein the biomass feed comprises a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil; introducing a waste feed to the fluid catalytic cracking reactor, wherein the waste feed comprises a plastic, a plastic-derived pyrolysis oil, a lubricant, or a combination thereof; and reacting at least the hydrocarbon feed, the biomass feed, and the waste feed in the presence of one or more fluid catalytic cracking catalysts in the fluid catalytic cracking reactor to produce cracked products.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for improving product yields and/or product quality during co-processing of fast pyrolysis oil in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) reaction environment. The systems and methods can allow for co-processing of an increased amount of fast pyrolysis oil while reducing or minimizing coke production for a feedstock including fast pyrolysis oil and a conventional FCC feed. The reducing or minimizing of coke production can be achieved in part by adding a low molecular weight, non-ionic surfactant to the mixture of fast pyrolysis oil and conventional FCC feed.

Abstract: Provided is a process capable of converting the cokes on spent catalysts in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process into synthesis gas. The produced synthesis gas contains high concentrations of CO and H2 and may be utilized in many downstream applications such as syngas fermentation for alcohol production, hydrogen production and synthesis of chemical intermediates. A reducer/regenerator reactor for a fluid catalytic process comprising a chemical looping system to produce synthesis gas is also described.