Abstract: A potassium nitrate level detection sensing module M in a strengthening furnace according to the present invention includes a level detection means, which is installed inside a glass strengthening furnace, installed at a height equal to a level line of strengthening liquid to be filled in the strengthening furnace F, and generates an electrical signal having a set threshold or more or an electrical signal having the set threshold or less when it comes into contact with the strengthening liquid and detects that the strengthening liquid filled in the glass strengthening furnace F has reached a set strengthening liquid level line. The potassium nitrate level detection sensing module in the strengthening furnace according to the present invention having such a configuration can automatically identify that potassium nitrate in a liquid state, which is melted in the strengthening furnace, has reached the set level line in the strengthening furnace.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pressure swing adsorption apparatus for hydrogen purification from decomposed ammonia gas and a hydrogen purification method using the same, and more particularly, the pressure swing adsorption apparatus of the present disclosure includes a plurality of adsorption towers including a pretreatment unit and a hydrogen purification unit wherein the adsorption towers of the pretreatment unit and the hydrogen purification unit are packed with different adsorbents, thereby achieving high purity hydrogen purification from mixed hydrogen gas produced after ammonia decomposition, making it easy to replace the adsorbent for ammonia removal, minimizing the likelihood that the lifetime of the adsorbent in the hydrogen purification unit is drastically reduced by a very small amount of ammonia, and actively responding to a large change in ammonia concentration in the raw material.

Abstract: A memory system and a data processing system including the memory system may manage a plurality of memory devices. For example, the data processing system may categorize and analyze error information from the memory devices, acquire characteristic data from the memory devices and set operation modes of the memory devices based on the characteristic data, allocate the memory devices to a host workload, detect a defective memory device among the memory devices and efficiently recover the defective memory device.

Abstract: A memory system and a data processing system including the memory system may manage a plurality of memory devices. For example, the data processing system may categorize and analyze error information from the memory devices, acquire characteristic data from the memory devices and set operation modes of the memory devices based on the characteristic data, allocate the memory devices to a host workload, detect a defective memory device among the memory devices and efficiently recover the defective memory device.

Abstract: A memory system may improve the endurance and performance of a plurality of memories included in the memory system mounted on a server system or a data processing system. For example, the memory system may throttle energy of a first memory using a second memory having a different characteristic from the first memory, control accesses to a memory region according to a refresh cycle, and control accesses to memories having different temperatures according to a priority of a request for each of the memories.

Abstract: A memory apparatus comprising: a cell array comprising multiple first and second word lines, a fuse array configured to substitute a selection word line of the multiple first word lines with the multiple second word lines, a fail determination unit configured to determine, as a fail word line, a word line matched with a first condition during an access operation for the multiple first word lines and to determine a fail grade of the fail word line based on a second condition, an information storage unit configured to store a physical address, fail grade and access count of the fail word line as determination information for the fail word line, and a rupture operation unit configured to select the selection word line from the fail word lines based on a result of the analysis of the determination information, and perform rupturing the selection word line into the fuse array.

Abstract: A memory apparatus comprising: a cell array comprising multiple first and second word lines, a fuse array configured to substitute a selection word line of the multiple first word lines with the multiple second word lines, a fail determination unit configured to determine, as a fail word line, a word line matched with a first condition during an access operation for the multiple first word lines and to determine a fail grade of the fail word line based on a second condition, an information storage unit configured to store a physical address, fail grade and access count of the fail word line as determination information for the fail word line, and a rupture operation unit configured to select the selection word line from the fail word lines based on a result of the analysis of the determination information, and perform rupturing the selection word line into the fuse array.

Abstract: An encryption security protocol-based communication method of supporting integrity verification between a client and a server includes receiving, by the server, a first message from the client, the first message including a request for a first integrity verification of the client so as to start a handshake of a transport layer security (TLS) connection, transmitting, by the server, a second message to the client, the second message including a request for first verification information for the first integrity verification, receiving, by the server, the first verification information from the client, and performing the first integrity verification by using the first verification information, and finishing the handshake and performing data communication between the client and the server based on a result of the first integrity verification.

Abstract: A memory system may improve the endurance and performance of a plurality of memories included in the memory system mounted on a server system or a data processing system. For example, the memory system may throttle energy of a first memory using a second memory having a different characteristic from the first memory, control accesses to a memory region according to a refresh cycle, and control accesses to memories having different temperatures according to a priority of a request for each of the memories.

Abstract: A memory system and a data processing system including the memory system may manage a plurality of memory devices. For example, the data processing system may categorize and analyze error information from the memory devices, acquire characteristic data from the memory devices and set operation modes of the memory devices based on the characteristic data, allocate the memory devices to a host workload, detect a defective memory device among the memory devices and efficiently recover the defective memory device.

Abstract: A converged memory device includes: a first memory installed in an environment having a first temperature; a second memory installed in an environment having a second temperature that is lower than the first temperature; and a controller configured to selectively access the first memory or the second memory in response to a request.

Abstract: A converged memory device includes: a first memory installed in an environment having a first temperature; a second memory installed in an environment having a second temperature that is lower than the first temperature; and a controller configured to selectively access the first memory or the second memory in response to a request.

Abstract: An encryption security protocol-based communication method of supporting integrity verification between a client and a server includes receiving, by the server, a first message from the client, the first message including a request for a first integrity verification of the client so as to start a handshake of a transport layer security (TLS) connection, transmitting, by the server, a second message to the client, the second message including a request for first verification information for the first integrity verification, receiving, by the server, the first verification information from the client, and performing the first integrity verification by using the first verification information, and finishing the handshake and performing data communication between the client and the server based on a result of the first integrity verification.

Abstract: A method of verifying integrity of an Internet of Things (IoT) system including a hub device and a plurality of end-node devices includes: determining, by the hub device, a root device among the plurality of end-node devices; receiving, by the hub device, from the root device at least one root message authentication code generated based on a result of verifying integrity of a sub-tree of the root device, wherein the sub-tree of the root device comprises a subset of the plurality of end-node devices subordinate to the root device; and verifying, by the hub device, the at least one root message authentication code.

Abstract: In a method of performing secure communication between at least two devices, a first security session is formed between a first device and a second device while the first device operates in a secure mode. The first security session is formed by performing a handshake operation between the first device and the second device. Session information and a master key are stored into a secure element included in the first device. The session information and the master key are generated by forming the first security session. A second security session is formed between the first device and the second device while the first device operates in a normal mode. The second security session is formed without the handshake operation and by loading the session information stored in the secure element. Encoded data is exchanged by the first device and the second device through the second security session based on the master key stored in the secure element.

Abstract: A spot welding device for a nuclear fuel skeleton, which is assembled by spot-welding guide tubes for control rods and a instrumentation tube for measuring a state of an inside of a nuclear reactor to a spacer grid that has a plurality of cells formed in a thickness direction of a plate-shaped frame for inserting fuel rods, has a instrumentation tube hole formed at a center, and has four guide tube holes formed symmetrically above and below the instrumentation tube hole. The device includes: a welding gun including: a body, a first holder and a second holder extending from a side of the body and having respective electrodes facing each other at ends, respectively, and a driving unit disposed on the body and adjusting a distance between the electrodes; and a robot connected to the welding gun and having a rotary joint for rotating the welding gun.

Abstract: A spot welding device for a nuclear fuel skeleton, which is assembled by spot-welding guide tubes for control rods and a instrumentation tube for measuring a state of an inside of a nuclear reactor to a spacer grid that has a plurality of cells formed in a thickness direction of a plate-shaped frame for inserting fuel rods, has a instrumentation tube hole formed at a center, and has four guide tube holes formed symmetrically above and below the instrumentation tube hole. The device includes: a welding gun including: a body, a first holder and a second holder extending from a side of the body and having respective electrodes facing each other at ends, respectively, and a driving unit disposed on the body and adjusting a distance between the electrodes; and a robot connected to the welding gun and having a rotary joint for rotating the welding gun.

Abstract: In a clamping jig and system for inspecting spacer grids for a nuclear fuel assembly, the jig firmly and precisely clamps a variety of grids on a measurement stage moving at high speed so that, among constituent parts of the nuclear fuel assembly, the spacer grids can be inspected using a non-contact measurer. The clamping jig includes a frame having a plurality of holding recesses into which the corresponding spacer grids are inserted, supporting means mounted in each holding recess of the frame to allow each spacer grid to be adjusted from below so it can be maintained in a horizontal state, clamping means installed around each holding recess to clamp two adjacent sides of each spacer grid to a corner of the respective holding recess, and resilient means installed on the sides opposite the clamping means and resiliently supporting the other two sides of each spacer grid.

Abstract: In a clamping jig and system for inspecting spacer grids for a nuclear fuel assembly, the jig firmly and precisely clamps a variety of grids on a measurement stage moving at high speed so that, among constituent parts of the nuclear fuel assembly, the spacer grids can be inspected using a non-contact measurer. The clamping jig includes a frame having a plurality of holding recesses into which the corresponding spacer grids are inserted, supporting means mounted in each holding recess of the frame to allow each spacer grid to be adjusted from below so it can be maintained in a horizontal state, clamping means installed around each holding recess to clamp two adjacent sides of each spacer grid to a corner of the respective holding recess, and resilient means installed on the sides opposite the clamping means and resiliently supporting the other two sides of each spacer grid.

Abstract: A pulsator with an improved structure having a punching function is used in a washing machine. The pulsator of the present invention is composed such that a rotating member has a guiding dimple formed on its upper end surface, and an elevating member has a guiding protrusion projected from the inner surface. According to this pulsator, non-symmetrical water flow and up-and-down water flow can be generated easily so that the entanglement of the washing articles can be minimized, and the washing is carried out effectively.