Abstract: A method of configuring an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) system may include measuring a phase of an EUV mask, correcting a wavefront based on the phase of the EUV mask, optimizing a cost function, and configuring an EUV illumination system with a combination of EUV light sources based on the optimized cost function.

Abstract: A lithography method may include placing a patterning device and a substrate in a lithography apparatus, irradiating a first region of the substrate with a diffraction light and increasing an optical path difference (OPD) of the diffraction light on the first region. The diffraction light may include first and second diffraction lights, and the OPD may be a difference in optical path between the first and second diffraction lights. The lithography apparatus may include an illumination source part configured to emit a radiation beam that is used as the diffraction light, a substrate table supporting the substrate, a supporting structure supporting the patterning device and optically connected to the illumination source part, and a projection part optically connected to the supporting structure and configured to irradiate the substrate with the first and second diffraction lights. The illumination source part may include a monopole source.

Abstract: Provided is a method of forming a customized alveolar bone tissue. The method includes obtaining first data having image information corresponding to an original alveolar bone of an alveolar bone defect, obtaining second data having image information on a defective portion of the alveolar bone defect, calculating third data having image information on a barrier membrane covering the alveolar bone defect by using the first data and the second data, and forming a barrier membrane artificial tissue corresponding to the barrier membrane by using the third data.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of controlling a water injector for preventing damage to a catalyst for exhaust gas purification and an engine driven by the method. A method of controlling the operation of an injector for injecting water into the combustion chamber of an engine to which a turbo system for increasing the amount of air by compressing air has been applied includes a catalyst state determination step of determining the danger condition of a catalyst for exhaust gas purification by detecting the state of the catalyst, a water injection amount calculation step of calculating a water injection flow value F1 at which a temperature of exhaust gas drops to a preset temperature when the catalyst is in the danger condition, and a water injection step of performing the waterjet operation of a water injector based on the water injection flow value calculated in the water injection amount calculation step.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of controlling a water injector for preventing damage to a catalyst for exhaust gas purification and an engine driven by the method. A method of controlling the operation of an injector for injecting water into the combustion chamber of an engine to which a turbo system for increasing the amount of air by compressing air has been applied includes a catalyst state determination step of determining the danger condition of a catalyst for exhaust gas purification by detecting the state of the catalyst, a water injection amount calculation step of calculating a water injection flow value F1 at which a temperature of exhaust gas drops to a preset temperature when the catalyst is in the danger condition, and a water injection step of performing the waterjet operation of a water injector based on the water injection flow value calculated in the water injection amount calculation step.

Abstract: Provided is a method of forming a customized alveolar bone tissue. The method includes obtaining first data having image information corresponding to an original alveolar bone of an alveolar bone defect, obtaining second data having image information on a defective portion of the alveolar bone defect, calculating third data having image information on a barrier membrane covering the alveolar bone defect by using the first data and the second data, and forming a barrier membrane artificial tissue corresponding to the barrier membrane by using the third data.

Abstract: Disclosed is an injector controlling method using an opening duration. The injector controlling method using an opening duration converts a target fuel quantity into an opening duration and sets relationship between the opening duration and an injector actuation signal in order to control the fuel quantity of injectors more accurately.

Abstract: Disclosed is an injector controlling method using an opening duration. The injector controlling method using an opening duration converts a target fuel quantity into an opening duration and sets relationship between the opening duration and an injector actuation signal in order to control the fuel quantity of injectors more accurately.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a dental model articulator. The dental model articulator includes: a pair of base members (3) to which dental models (2) are fastened; and an upper fastening means (5) and a lower fastening means (6) to which the respective base members are removably fastened, and which are rotatably coupled to each other by a rotating shaft. A fastening hole (8) is formed through the end of each of the base members. An insert rod (9) is provided on each of the upper fastening means and the lower fastening means and is fitted into the fastening hole of the corresponding base member. Each of the upper fastening means and the lower fastening means includes an auxiliary fastening means (10) for pushing the corresponding base member so that pressure is applied to the base member toward the insert rod, thus increasing a base member fastening force.