Abstract: A battery management system includes a voltage measurement circuit for generating a voltage signal indicating a cell voltage of each of a plurality of battery cells connected in series, and a controller. The controller determines an observation matrix including a plurality of observation voltage vectors indicating a voltage history of each of the plurality of battery cells in a moving window having a predetermined size based on the voltage signal. The controller determines a recovery matrix including a plurality of recovery voltage vectors corresponding to the plurality of observation voltage vectors in a one-to-one relationship. The controller detects an abnormality of each of the plurality of battery cells based on a plurality of absolute error vectors indicating a difference between the plurality of observation voltage vectors and the plurality of recovery voltage vectors.

Abstract: A battery diagnosing apparatus may include a voltage measuring circuit for generating a voltage signal representing a battery voltage across both ends of each of batteries; a database for storing abnormal patterns, a plurality of reference time series, and a predetermined corresponding relationship between the abnormal patterns and the plurality of reference time series; and a control unit for generating a plurality of input time series representing a change history of the battery voltage of each battery, based on the voltage signal. The control unit may extract an abnormal input time series representing an abnormal voltage behavior among the plurality of input time series by comparing the plurality of input time series with each other. The control unit may identify an abnormal pattern of the abnormal input time series among the abnormal patterns by comparing the abnormal input time series with the plurality of reference time series one by one.

Abstract: A battery diagnosis device according includes a memory configured to store an observation matrix including a plurality of observation voltage vectors indicating a time-series of cell voltage of each of battery cells, and a controller configured to determine a plurality of principal component vectors, a plurality of singular values and a plurality of coefficient vectors from the observation matrix. Each coefficient vector includes a plurality of coefficients corresponding to the plurality of observation voltage vectors in a one-to-one relationship.

Abstract: A battery management system includes a voltage measurement circuit for generating a voltage signal indicating a cell voltage of each of a plurality of battery cells connected in series, and a controller. The controller determines an observation matrix including a plurality of observation voltage vectors indicating a voltage history of each of the plurality of battery cells in a moving window having a predetermined size based on the voltage signal. The controller determines a recovery matrix including a plurality of recovery voltage vectors corresponding to the plurality of observation voltage vectors in a one-to-one relationship. The controller detects an abnormality of each of the plurality of battery cells based on a plurality of absolute error vectors indicating a difference between the plurality of observation voltage vectors and the plurality of recovery voltage vectors.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition includes any of an extract of Magnoliae flos, a fraction or an active fraction obtained by fractionation thereof with an organic solvent, and a compound separated therefrom as an active ingredient. The extract of Magnoliae flos, the fraction or the active fraction obtained by fractionation thereof with an organic solvent, or the compound separated therefrom inhibits the expression of MUC5AC induced by TNF-? and the promoter activity in human lung cancer mucosal cells (H292), reduces the number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mouse model, inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species, and reduces the cytokines; and therefore are effective in preventing or treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition includes any of an extract of Magnoliae flos, a fraction or an active fraction obtained by fractionation thereof with an organic solvent, and a compound separated therefrom as an active ingredient. The extract of Magnoliae flos, the fraction or the active fraction obtained by fractionation thereof with an organic solvent, or the compound separated therefrom inhibits the expression of MUC5AC induced by TNF-? and the promoter activity in human lung cancer mucosal cells (H292), reduces the number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mouse model, inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species, and reduces the cytokines; and therefore are effective in preventing or treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electronic device and a method for transmitting a message. A method of operating an electronic device may include: determining by a processor whether a call with a counterpart electronic device is possible; and transmitting a call wish message through a communication network to the counterpart electronic device when the call is not possible based on a result of the determination.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electronic device and a method for transmitting a message. A method of operating an electronic device may include: determining by a processor whether a call with a counterpart electronic device is possible; and transmitting a call wish message through a communication network to the counterpart electronic device when the call is not possible based on a result of the determination.

Abstract: A power supplying apparatus supplying power to a predetermined system unit is provided with a power selecting unit which is directly connected to the system part, to select one of a plurality of inputs of power and output a selected power to the system unit; and a controller which is provided outside a power supplying path between the power selecting unit and the system unit, to control the power selecting unit to selectively output the power selected by the power selecting unit to the system unit according to a power switching signal.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for forming an image by determining a thermal print head type and generating driving signals for driving the thermal print head according to the thermal print head type. The apparatus includes a data input unit which receives data regarding an image to be printed, a controller which determines the thermal print head type and generates driving signals for driving the thermal print head according to the thermal print head type, and the thermal print head which prints the image by heating a medium.

Abstract: A method of differentiating a type of heat sensitive paper is provided. The method comprises the steps of a) printing a test pattern on a surface of the heat sensitive paper using a thermal printhead, b) detecting the test pattern using an optical sensor, c) determining whether a value of an optical output of the detected test pattern is within a range previously defined in a lookup table, and d) if the value of the optical output is within the range, printing a printing data on the heat sensitive paper.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a pivotally openable spectacles and sunshade-clip assembly in which a sunshade-clip is pivotally rotatable about a pair of hinge arm units thereof after being attached to spectacles by use of corresponding spectacles magnets and clip magnets. The spectacles include a pair of lens frames, a pair of temple arms, a pair of hinge units each used to hingedly connect one of the lens frames to one of the temple arms. The spectacles magnets are mounted in the hinge units. The sunshade-clip includes a pair of colored clip lenses, a pair of clip lens frames, a pair of hinge arm units, and the clip magnets mounted to the hinge arm units, respectively, to correspond to the spectacles magnets.

Abstract: A power supplying apparatus supplying power to a predetermined system unit is provided with a power selecting unit which is directly connected to the system part, to select one of a plurality of inputs of power and output a selected power to the system unit; and a controller which is provided outside a power supplying path between the power selecting unit and the system unit, to control the power selecting unit to selectively output the power selected by the power selecting unit to the system unit according to a power switching signal.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a spectacles and ornament assembly. The assembly comprises spectacles including a spectacle frame having a bridge connecting a pair of lens frames to each other, and a pair of temple arms connected to the spectacle frame, and at least one ornament selected from among a variety of ornaments having different shapes, designs, colors, and materials. Also, a plurality of magnets are provided at corresponding positions of the spectacle frame or each hinge and the ornament to detachably attach the ornament to the spectacle frame or each hinge, so as to achieve a variety of spectacle configurations in accordance with the wearer's different tastes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a plate-shaped spectacles and sunshade-clip assembly. The assembly comprises spectacles having a spectacles frame configured to receive a pair of prescription lenses, a sunshade-clip having a pair of colored lenses and configured to have a shape corresponding to that of the spectacles, and two or more magnets to detachably attach the sunshade-clip to the spectacles. The spectacles frame of the spectacles is a plate-shaped member formed by processing a plate or performing an injection molding process. One or more spectacles magnets are fixedly inserted into the spectacles frame. The sunshade-clip further has one or more clip magnets fixed at positions corresponding to the spectacles magnets to be detachably attached to the spectacles magnets, respectively.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a spectacles and sunshade-clip assembly in which a sunshade-clip is detachably attached to spectacles by use of a plurality of magnets. The sunshade-clip includes clip magnets inserted into magnet ribs at opposite ends of the sunshade-clip, and at least one clip bridge magnet inserted into a clip bridge. The spectacles include spectacle magnets inserted into hinge members at opposite ends of the spectacles to correspond to the clip magnets, and at least one spectacle bridge magnet inserted into a spectacle bridge to correspond to the clip bridge magnet. When the magnets of the sunshade-clip are coupled to the magnets of the spectacles, the magnets are positioned to be spaced apart forward from arc axes that are center axes of curved spectacle lens frames.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an interchangeable spectacles and clip-on assembly. The interchangeable spectacles and clip-on assembly comprises a spectacle unit including a pair of prescription lenses, a frame unit configured to be detachably attached to the spectacle unit and adapted to serve as a framework constituting spectacles, and a clip-on including a pair of sunshade lenses and adapted to be detachably attached to the spectacles consisting of the spectacle unit and frame unit, to selectively serve as sunglasses. The frame unit includes a pair of U-shaped or inverted U-shaped lens frames having an open upper or lower end and intended so as not to receive lenses, and a frame bridge to connect the lens frames to each other. A frame magnet is fixed at each outer end of the frame unit, a spectacle magnet is fixed at each outer end of the spectacle unit, and a clip magnet is fixed at each outer end of the clip-on.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a spectacles and sunshade clip assembly. The assembly comprises spectacles including a pair of lens frames, and a pair of hinges affixed to opposite outer ends of the lens, and a sunshade clip including a pair of sunshade lens frames connected to each other by means of a bridge. The sunshade clip further comprises a pair of magnet ribs affixed to opposite outer ends of the sunshade lens frames to linearly extend across only a relatively short distance in a longitudinal direction of the sunshade clip. A respective one of the hinges provided at the spectacles is spaced apart forward from a reference line having a radius of curvature defined by inner surfaces of the lens frames, so that a portion thereof, coming into contact with a corresponding one of the lens frames, forms a forwardly-protruding portion. The forwardly-protruding portion is formed as a recessed magnet-mounting portion to receive a corresponding one of the magnets.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a spectacles and sunshade-clip assembly in which a sunshade-clip is adapted to be detachably attached to spectacles by use of spectacles magnets and clip magnets. The spectacles include a pair of metallic circular lens frames each having separated portions for the insertion of each prescription lens, a pair of temple arms, and a pair of hinge legs each fixed to one of the lens frames to hingedly connect the lens frame to one of the temple arms. A pair of upper and lower fixing pieces protrudes outward from the separated portions of each lens frame perpendicular thereto, to be connected to each other. The sunshade-clip includes a pair of clip lens frames as optional elements. One of the spectacles magnet is provided in a coupling location of the pair of upper and lower fixing pieces to be positioned behind one of the hinge legs.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a pivotally openable spectacles and sunshade-clip assembly in which a sunshade-clip is pivotally rotatable about a pair of hinge arm units thereof after being attached to spectacles by use of corresponding spectacles magnets and clip magnets. The spectacles include a pair of lens frames, a pair of temple arms, a pair of hinge units each used to hingedly connect one of the lens frames to one of the temple arms. The spectacles magnets are mounted in the hinge units. The sunshade-clip includes a pair of colored clip lenses, a pair of clip lens frames, a pair of hinge arm units, and the clip magnets mounted to the hinge arm units, respectively, to correspond to the spectacles magnets.