Abstract: Disclosed are a prefabricated wire mesh assembly for a ballast and a method of constructing a gravel-ballasted track using the same. When a gravel ballast is used by filling a box-shaped rebar mesh with crushed stones and injecting a filling material, the prefabricated wire mesh assembly increases injection efficiency by further installing an internal partition wall to effectively support loads without forming a separate ballast shoulder and injecting a filling material through injection pipes installed on an internal partition wall, and prevents water accumulation on a roadbed by a drainage pipe. The prefabricated wire mesh assembly for a ballast is assembled by installing the injection pipe along with the lower mesh and the internal partition wall, thereby allowing the filling material to be injected without installation of a plurality of separate injection pipes, and securing construction quality by increasing injection efficiency of the filling material through the installed injection pipes.

Abstract: A display device includes a first pixel driver connected to a sweep line, the first pixel driver generating a control current based on a first data voltage, a second pixel driver connected to a scan control line, the second pixel driver generating a driving current based on a second data voltage and controlling a period for which the driving current flows, based on the control current, and a light-emitting element connected to the second pixel driver to receive the driving current. The first pixel driver includes a first transistor generating the control current based on the first data voltage, a second transistor providing the first data voltage to a first electrode of the first transistor based on a scan write signal, and a first capacitor including a first capacitor electrode connected to a gate electrode of the first transistor, and a second capacitor electrode connected to the sweep line.

Abstract: A substrate treatment apparatus including a chamber; a lower electrode in the chamber, wherein the substrate is on the lower electrode; an upper electrode in the chamber, and above the lower electrode; a pulse signal generator configured to generate a pulse signal; and a bias power supply configured to generate bias power having a pulsed non-sinusoidal waveform using the pulse signal, and supply the generated bias power to the lower electrode, wherein the bias power supply includes a DC power generator configured to receive the pulse signal and generate a direct-current (DC) voltage subjected to feedforward compensation based on the pulse signal; and a modulator configured to generate a power signal having a non-sinusoidal waveform using the DC voltage, and filter the power signal using the pulse signal to generate the bias power having the pulsed non-sinusoidal waveform.

Abstract: A display device includes PAM data lines receiving PAM and PWM data voltages, and sub-pixels connected to the PAM and PWM data lines. A sub-pixel includes a light emitting element, a first pixel driver to supply a control current according to one of the PAM data voltages to a node, a second pixel driver to generate a driving current according to one of the PWM data voltages, and a third pixel driver to adjust a period during which the driving current is supplied to the light emitting element according to a voltage of the node. A peak current value of the driving current when the sub-pixel emits a light corresponding to a low gray level region is smaller than a peak current value of the driving current when the sub-pixel emits a light corresponding to a high gray level region higher than the low gray level region.

Abstract: The present invention provides an alginic acid-based injectable hydrogel system for labeling an accurate position of a disease lesion and effectively delivering a drug to a target region. The formulation of the present invention can make it easy to locally inject a contrast agent and a drug into a target region while controlling the release rate of the contrast agent or the drug, with the formation of the hydrogel in the injected region. Through the advantages, the labeled position can be accurately determined from images, thereby enhancing the precision of surgical operation, with a minimal incision formed therefor. In addition, when used, the alginic acid-based injectable hydrogel system allows the effective local delivery of a drug to a target region while increasing the long-acting effect of the drug.

Abstract: A display device includes connection lines, pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) data lines configured to receive pulse width modulation (PWM) data voltages, PWM data lines configured to receive the PWM data voltages, a first connection control line configured to receive a first connection control signal, a second connection control line configured to receive a second connection control signal, subpixels connected to the PWM data lines and the PAM data lines, and a first demultiplexer (demux) unit configured to connect the connection lines to the PAM data lines or to the PWM data lines according to the first connection control signal and the second connection control signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method and system therefor for providing a community service, such as a messenger, an SNS, and a metaverse in a virtual reality space where a physical range is defined by a Bluetooth beacon and, specifically, to the method and system for providing the service to allow a user terminal having received this, based on a range which this packet may reach, to use the community service through a wide area network within a variable yet clearly bounded physical space (Higgsverse), allowing the beacon to broadcast an arbitrary packet by utilizing a Bluetooth network. This makes it possible to physically interact with actual objects that exist within a space in which one currently exists.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for repairing a wide crack in a hot gas path part for a gas turbine using brazing, the method including the steps of removing oxides from the inside of the wide crack of the hot gas path part, filling base metal powder and a filler into the wide crack from which the oxides have been removed, and bonding the wide crack by means of the br

Abstract: Provided is a method and an apparatus for targeting an object in a game. The method of targeting an object in a game includes: setting a center point of a first targeting area based on a first input from a user; displaying the first targeting area surrounded by a closed curve around the center point on a screen of a user terminal; displaying a list including at least one object located in the first targeting area on the screen; and moving the first targeting area based on a second input by the user received after the first input.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a battery system and a controlling method of the same. The battery system includes a plurality of rechargeable battery packs, and includes a first battery pack that is rechargeable, a second battery pack that is rechargeable independently of the first battery pack, a first switching element that switches the first battery pack between at least a charging node and a discharging node, a second switching element that switches the second battery pack between at least the charging node and the discharging node, and a controller that controls switching states of the first switching element and the second switching element based on usage states and states of charge of the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and thus it is possible to effectively charge a high capacity and high output battery pack.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for repairing a tooth of a labyrinth seal using 3D printing, the labyrinth seal consisting of an arch-shaped body and teeth protruding from the inner surface as one surface of the arch-shaped body, the method including the steps of: removing a damaged tooth from the body of the labyrinth seal; depositing a tooth onto the body by means of the 3D printing; and adjusting the surface roughness of the deposited tooth by means of machining.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a labyrinth seal using wire arc additive manufacturing, which is mounted between a diaphragm of a turbine and a turbine rotor to induce a smooth rotation of the turbine rotor and preventing gas leakage by minimizing friction between the diaphragm of a turbine and a turbine rotor when a rotating body such as the turbine rotor rotates inside a fixed body such as the diaphragm, and which includes a ring-shaped body part and a tooth part protruding on one side of the ring-shaped body part, wherein the labyrinth seal is deposition-manufactured by 3D printing, the body part is manufactured by the wire arc additive manufacturing, and the tooth part is manufactured by a directed energy deposition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a battery management system and a battery pack and the battery management system includes: a pack voltage sampling unit for periodically sampling a pack voltage of a battery pack; a pack current sampling unit for sampling a pack current of the battery pack; and a control unit for, when the pack voltage sampling of the battery pack is completed, recording a time from a sampling start time of the pack voltage to a sampling completion time of the pack voltage as a first time, and transmitting a voltage sampling synchronization signal for measuring a cell voltage of a battery cell to a plurality of lower-level battery management systems.

Abstract: An optical tracking system may comprise a reference marker unit stationarily disposed relative to a patient, a shape measurement unit configured to measure the three-dimensional shape of a specified part of the patient corresponding to a three-dimensional image, a tracking sensor unit configured to sense the reference marker unit and the shape measurement unit, and a processing unit. The processing unit may acquire a coordinate transformation relationship between the reference marker unit and the tracking sensor unit and a coordinate transformation relationship between the shape measurement unit and the tracking sensor unit based on a sensing result of the tracking sensor unit, acquire a coordinate transformation relationship between the specified part of the patient and the shape measurement unit based on a measurement result of the shape measurement unit, and define a coordinate system of the patient relative to the reference marker unit from the acquired coordinate transformation relationships.

Abstract: Provided is a blockchain provision system using a non-competitive consensus algorithm and micro-chain architecture to ensure transaction processing speed, scalability, and security useful for commercial services. The system includes: a network providing the blockchain services. The network includes: mainnets communicating with other micro-chains according to an inter-chain communication protocol and issuing or burning a coin, and a micro-chain architecture connected to the mainnet and including a plurality of micro-chains in which a smart contract conclusion performed using the coin operates according to each area, and the micro-chains independently perform business logic without interfering with each other, and execute different business logics to execute smart contracts corresponding to the micro-chains, respectively.

Abstract: A tracking system and a tracking method using the same are disclosed. The tracking system includes a marker, a camera unit, a first inertial measuring unit, a second inertial measuring unit and a tracking processing unit. The marker is fixed on the measurement object, and the camera unit outputs a marker image by photographing the marker. The first inertial measuring unit is fixed on the camera unit, and measures and outputs first inertia comprising first accelerated velocity and first angular velocity. The second inertial measuring unit is fixed to one of the measurement object and the marker, and measures and outputs second inertia comprising second accelerated velocity and second angular velocity. The tracking processing unit primarily extracts the position and the posture of the measurement object using the marker image, and secondarily extracts the position and the posture of the measurement object using the first and second inertias.

Abstract: An optical tracking system may comprise a reference marker unit stationarily disposed relative to a patient, a shape measurement unit configured to measure the three-dimensional shape of a specified part of the patient corresponding to a three-dimensional image, a tracking sensor unit configured to sense the reference marker unit and the shape measurement unit, and a processing unit. The processing unit may acquire a coordinate transformation relationship between the reference marker unit and the tracking sensor unit and a coordinate transformation relationship between the shape measurement unit and the tracking sensor unit based on a sensing result of the tracking sensor unit, acquire a coordinate transformation relationship between the specified part of the patient and the shape measurement unit based on a measurement result of the shape measurement unit, and define a coordinate system of the patient relative to the reference marker unit from the acquired coordinate transformation relationships.

Abstract: An optical tracking system may comprise a reference marker unit stationarily disposed relative to a patient, a shape measurement unit configured to measure the three-dimensional shape of a specified part of the patient corresponding to a three-dimensional image, a tracking sensor unit configured to sense the reference marker unit and the shape measurement unit, and a processing unit. The processing unit may acquire a coordinate transformation relationship between the reference marker unit and the tracking sensor unit and a coordinate transformation relationship between the shape measurement unit and the tracking sensor unit based on a sensing result of the tracking sensor unit, acquire a coordinate transformation relationship between the specified part of the patient and the shape measurement unit based on a measurement result of the shape measurement unit, and define a coordinate system of the patient relative to the reference marker unit from the acquired coordinate transformation relationships.

Abstract: A micro robot that is moveable in a body includes first quantum dots.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an OCT device, which can be simply mounted without changing the structure of a microscope or an endoscope, thereby realizing an OCT system and, more particularly, to a removable OCT device including: a tunable laser configured to emit light to the light output side of an optical device by tuning the wavelength of the light; a first beam splitter installed on a path of the light emitted from the tunable laser; and a reference mirror installed on a path of the light that has passed through the first beam splitter, wherein the removable OCT device is mounted at the light output side of the optical device.