Abstract: A vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication-based electronic toll collection system (ETCS) according to an embodiment of the present invention includes at least one roadside unit (RSU), a token issuer checking a de-identified token of a vehicle by communicating with an on-board unit (OBU) of the vehicle via the at least one roadside unit, and a clearing house communicating with the token issuer and charging a toll to a driver/owner of the vehicle. The token issuer generates toll information of the vehicle based on the de-identified token of the vehicle and location information of the at least one roadside unit involved in checking the de-identified token.

Abstract: Provided is a method for preparing an oligomer including: supplying a monomer stream and a solvent stream to a reactor to perform an oligomerization reaction to prepare a reaction product; supplying a discharge stream from the reactor including the reaction product to a separation device and supplying a lower discharge stream from the separation device to a settling tank; adding an organic flocculant to the settling tank to settle and remove a polymer and supplying the lower discharge stream from the separation device from which the polymer is removed to a high boiling point separation column; and removing a high boiling point material from the lower portion in the high boiling point separation column and supplying an upper discharge stream including an oligomer to a solvent separation column.

Abstract: Disclosed are an easily manufacturable stator for an axial flux motor, and a method of manufacturing the same. A stator includes a core, a bobbin having a hollow portion into which the core is inserted, and a winding wound around the bobbin. A radial outer corner portion of the core is formed to have a cross-sectional shape bent at least twice.

Abstract: The present specification relates to a heterocyclic compound, an organic light emitting device, and a composition for an organic material layer of an organic light emitting device.

Abstract: Provided is a Raman scattering measurement apparatus including a light source which emits light to smoke particles, a filter configured to block light which is incident to the smoke particles and passes through the particle and to allow Raman scattered light to pass therethrough, and a photodetector which detects the Raman scattered light passing through the filter in order to distinguish fire smoke generated due to a true fire from non-fire smoke generated due to daily life or industrial activity. The present invention also provides a fire determination apparatus including a unit which reads a Raman shift from Raman scattered light detected by the photodetector of the Raman scattering measurement apparatus, estimates a smoke component from the read Raman shift, and determines fire/non-fire from the estimated smoke component and a method thereof.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may include a first film and a second film defining parts of a trench, a plug conductive film, a via, and a wiring in the trench. The trench may include a second sub-trench having a second width below a first sub-trench having a first width. The plug conductive film may extend from a first side of the first film to penetrate a bottom face of the trench. An uppermost face of the plug conducive film may be in the trench. The via may include an insulating liner between the plug conductive film and the first film. The uppermost face of the plug conductive film and at least a part of a side wall of the plug conductive film may be in contact with the wiring. An upper face of the insulating liner may be exposed by a bottom face of the second sub-trench.

Abstract: Provided a semiconductor memory device. The semiconductor memory device includes a substrate, a gate electrode on the substrate, a bit line on the substrate, a cell semiconductor pattern on a side of the gate electrode and electrically connected to the bit line, a capacitor structure including a first electrode electrically connected to the cell semiconductor pattern, a second electrode on the first electrode, and a capacitor dielectric film between the first electrode and the second electrode, a bit line strapping line spaced apart from the bit line in the second direction, and electrically connected to the bit line, a bit line selection line between the bit line and the bit line strapping line, and a selection semiconductor pattern between the bit line and the bit line strapping line and electrically connected to all of the bit line, the bit line strapping line, and the bit line selection line.

Abstract: Implementations disclosed describe wireless devices and methods for mitigating aggressive medium reservations. A first wireless device comprises a transceiver and a processor coupled to the transceiver. The processor is to detect, within a first transmission received by the transceiver from a second wireless device via a first wireless communication channel, a pattern of medium reservations comprising a reservation duration that satisfies a threshold duration value. The processor is further to cause, in response to detecting the pattern of medium reservations, the transceiver to send a second transmission to an access point (AP) wireless device. The second transmission includes an indication of the pattern of medium reservations. The processor is further to detect a medium reservation mitigation signal within a third transmission received by the transceiver from the AP wireless device.

Abstract: A display device includes: a pixel defining layer defining openings arranged in first and second directions, the openings forming emission areas in which light emitting elements are disposed to emit light of different colors; a light blocking layer disposed on the pixel defining layer, and defining holes, each overlapping the opening and having a larger diameter than the opening; and color filters disposed on the light blocking layer to overlap the holes and overlap the emission areas. The opening has an opening interval, which is defined as a difference in diameter between the overlapping hole and the opening, in the openings, among homogeneous openings in which the light emitting elements for emitting light of the same color are disposed, the homogeneous openings adjacent in the first or second direction have different opening intervals, and among the homogeneous openings, openings having different opening intervals are at least three types.

Abstract: A deep learning-based stent prediction method including: setting as a region of interest, a region in which a procedure is to be performed among blood vessel regions of a target patient, and obtaining a first intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) image, which is a preprocedural IVUS image of the region of interest, obtaining a plurality of first IVUS cross-sectional images into which the first IVUS image is divided at predetermined intervals, extracting feature information about procedure information of the target patient, obtaining mask image information in which a blood vessel boundary and an inner wall boundary are distinguished from each other, with respect to the plurality of first IVUS cross-sectional images, and predicting progress of a stent procedure containing a postprocedural area of a stent for the target patient, by inputting, into an artificial intelligence model, the plurality of first IVUS cross-sectional images, the feature information, and the mask image information.

Abstract: A method of analyzing a plaque tissue component based on deep learning, the method including: extracting a plurality of first intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) cross-sectional images into which a first IVUS image that is a preprocedural IVUS image of a patient is divided at predetermined intervals; labeling each of the plurality of first IVUS cross-sectional images by using label indices corresponding to plaque tissue components to form labeled images, performing image conversion to obtain a polar coordinate image through which a distribution of tissue components for each angle is identifiable by performing a coordinate transformation based on the labeled images, extracting a label vector for each angle based on the polar coordinate image, and outputting output data obtained by quantifying the tissue components for each angle by using an artificial intelligence model that is trained by using, as training data, the label vector for each angle.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a thermal processing apparatus and an operation method thereof capable of controlling a heat distribution of a substrate at a low cost in a thermal processing process using a microwave. According to the present disclosure, a thermal processing apparatus includes a chamber that forms a thermal processing space of a substrate, a substrate support unit that is located at a lower portion of the thermal processing space and supports the substrate, and a microwave unit that is located at an upper portion of the thermal processing space and forms an electromagnetic field by the microwave in the thermal processing space.

Abstract: An air-cooled battery cooling system for an air mobility vehicle may ensure the cooling performance for batteries using air flows during the flight of the air mobility vehicle, since the cooling of the batteries is performed using an air flow in the top-bottom direction due to the hovering of the air mobility vehicle and an air flow in the front and rear direction due to the cruising of the air mobility vehicle, the efficient cooling performance for the batteries is ensured in a variety of flight modes. Furthermore, the batteries are securely fixed while being cooled by air flows via the heat transfer pads within the battery packs.

Abstract: In an air mobility vehicle, an engine operates as required to provide mechanical driving force or electric energy. A battery is charged with the electric energy from the engine. Main rotors operate using the electric energy of the battery and electric power generated by the engine to perform takeoff, landing, and cruising. Auxiliary rotors are disposed at or adjacent to the center of gravity of a vehicle body and mechanically connected to the engine via a clutch. The auxiliary rotors perform the takeoff, the landing, or the cruising by receiving the mechanical driving force from the engine when the clutch is in an engaged position. A controller monitors the states of the battery and the main rotors and controls the operations of the engine and the clutch.

Abstract: A cathode for a lithium secondary battery includes a cathode current collector, and a cathode active material layer formed on the cathode current collector. The cathode active material layer includes cathode active material particles. The cathode active material particles include a lithium metal oxide particle containing nickel and having a mole fraction of cobalt of 0.02 or less among all elements except lithium and oxygen.

Abstract: It is introduced that a device of manufacturing lithium sulfate comprising: a reaction body in which a reaction of lithium phosphate and sulfuric acid is performed, the reaction body being divided into an upper space and a lower space; a pressurizer for applying pressure to the inside of the reaction body; a stirrer disposed in the upper space for stirring the lithium phosphate and sulfuric acid to produce a mixture containing lithium sulfate and phosphoric acid; and a filter disposed inside the reaction body and separating the filtrate containing the phosphoric acid into the lower space by filtering the mixture.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention relates to a porous silicon structure, a porous silicon-carbon composite comprising same, and a negative electrode active material. The porous silicon structure and the porous silicon-carbon composite each have a molar ratio (O/Si) of oxygen (O) atoms to silicon (Si) atoms that satisfies a specific range, and thus, when applied to a negative electrode active material, the porous silicon structure and the porous silicon-carbon composite can have excellent capacity retention and remarkably enhanced discharge capacity and initial efficiency.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention relates to a porous silicon composite, a porous silicon-carbon composite comprising same, and an anode active material, wherein the porous silicon composite and the porous silicon-carbon composite each comprise silicon particles and a magnesium compound together and satisfy a molar ratio (O/Si) of oxygen (O) atom to silicon (Si) atom in a specific range, so that the application of the porous silicon composite and the porous silicon-carbon composite to an anode active material leads to an excellent capacity retention rate as well as a significant improvement in discharge capacity and initial efficiency.

Abstract: A positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery comprising a multilayer structure of electrode active materials. The first positive electrode active material layer comprising a positive electrode active material particles and a conductive material on at least one surface of the current collector. The second positive electrode active material layer positioned on the first positive electrode active material layer and comprising positive electrode active material particles and a conductive material.