Abstract: Methods of manufacturing a semiconductor chip are provided. The methods may include providing a semiconductor substrate including integrated circuit regions and a cut region. The cut region may be between the integrated circuit regions. The methods may also include forming a modified layer by emitting a laser beam into the semiconductor substrate along the cut region, polishing an inactive surface of the semiconductor substrate to propagate a crack from the modified layer, and separating the integrated circuit regions along the crack. The cut region may include a plurality of multilayer metal patterns on an active surface of the semiconductor substrate, which is opposite to the inactive surface of the semiconductor substrate. The plurality of multilayer metal patterns may form a pyramid structure when viewed in cross section.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for prevention or treatment of a stress disease and depression, the pharmaceutical composition be safely useable without toxicity and side effects by using an extract of leaves of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb., which is natural resource of Korea, so that the reduction of manufacturing and production costs and the import substitution and export effects can be expected through the replacement of a raw material for preparation with a plant inhabiting in nature.

Abstract: An electric compressor capable of reducing a size and lightening weight of a package of an inverter unit, as a common mode choke (CM choke) is disposed radially outside of a circuit board of the inverter unit, and a high voltage connector, a CM choke, and a low voltage connector are integrated into a support body.

Abstract: An embodiment device includes an input module including a motor configured to generate a rotational force, an output module configured to receive power from the input module to be rotatable, and a connection module having a first side coupled to the input module and a second side, opposite the first side, coupled to the output module, wherein the connection module is configured to transmit the power from the input module to the output module.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a melittin-anticancer drug conjugate in which melittin and an anticancer drug are conjugated, and to a method of preparing a melittin-anticancer drug conjugate by connecting melittin and an anticancer drug. A conjugate of the present invention is an anticancer material for targeting M2-type tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and exhibits an excellent effect of selectively selecting M2-type tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), and thus may be used for a use of drug delivery for targeting M2-type tumor-associated macrophages.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a melittin-anticancer drug conjugate in which melittin and an anticancer drug are conjugated, and to a method of preparing a melittin-anticancer drug conjugate by connecting melittin and an anticancer drug. A conjugate of the present invention is an anticancer material for targeting M2-type tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and exhibits an excellent effect of selectively selecting M2-type tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), and thus may be used for a use of drug delivery for targeting M2-type tumor-associated macrophages.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cell therapy method for treating neurodegenerative diseases, which includes administering a therapeutically effective amount of a regulatory T cell to an individual in need thereof. The regulatory T cell may be an amyloid-beta specific regulatory T cell induced by administering amyloid-beta peptide and bee venom phospholipase A2 (bvPLA2).

Abstract: Accordingly the embodiments herein provides a method for load balancing in an energy measurement information system. The method includes collecting, by a power information collecting unit, power information at a snapshot extraction frequency. The snapshot extraction frequency is within a range. Further, the method includes detecting, by an operating status extracting unit, an operating status of at least one load apparatus at the snapshot extraction frequency. The operating status is one of a steady state and a transient state. Furthermore, the method includes generating, by a data set generating unit, a data set including only one or a representative snapshot of the power information, when the normal status is detected; and a data set including a plurality of snapshots of the power information, when the transient state is detected.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing a disease related to abnormal suppression of regulatory T cell activity comprising a polypeptide comprising a bee venom-PLA2 amino acid sequence exclusive of a leader sequence as an active ingredient. The secretory bee venom-phospholipase A2 of the present invention activates a regulatory T cell and suppress a differentiation of Th1/Th7. Therefore, the present polypeptide can be used as a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing a disease related to abnormal suppression of regulatory T cell activity, i.e. autoimmune diseases, allergic diseases, or neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing a disease related to abnormal suppression of regulatory T cell activity comprising a polypeptide comprising a bee venom-PLA2 amino acid sequence exclusive of a leader sequence as an active ingredient. The secretory bee venom-phospholipase A2 of the present invention activates a regulatory T cell and suppress a differentiation of Th1/Th7. Therefore, the present polypeptide can be used as a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing a disease related to abnormal suppression of regulatory T cell activity, i.e. autoimmune diseases, allergic diseases, or neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing a disease related to abnormal suppression of regulatory T cell activity comprising a polypeptide comprising a bee venom-PLA2 amino acid sequence exclusive of a leader sequence as an active ingredient. The secretory bee venom-phospholipase A2 of the present invention activates a regulatory T cell and suppress a differentiation of Th1/Th7. Therefore, the present polypeptide can be used as a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing a disease related to abnormal suppression of regulatory T cell activity, i.e. autoimmune diseases, allergic diseases, or neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing a disease related to abnormal suppression of regulatory T cell activity comprising a polypeptide comprising a bee venom-PLA2 amino acid sequence exclusive of a leader sequence as an active ingredient. The secretory bee venom-phospholipase A2 of the present invention activates a regulatory T cell and suppress a differentiation of Th1/Th7. Therefore, the present polypeptide can be used as a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing a disease related to abnormal suppression of regulatory T cell activity, i.e. autoimmune diseases, allergic diseases, or neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing a disease related to abnormal suppression of regulatory T cell activity comprising a polypeptide comprising a bee venom-PLA2 amino acid sequence exclusive of a leader sequence as an active ingredient. The secretory bee venom-phospholipase A2 of the present invention activates a regulatory T cell and suppress a differentiation of Th1/Th7. Therefore, the present polypeptide can be used as a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing a disease related to abnormal suppression of regulatory T cell activity, i.e. autoimmune diseases, allergic diseases, or neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: Accordingly the embodiments herein provides a method for load balancing in an energy measurement information system. The method includes collecting, by a power information collecting unit, power information at a snapshot extraction frequency. The snapshot extraction frequency is within a range. Further, the method includes detecting, by an operating status extracting unit, an operating status of at least one load apparatus at the snapshot extraction frequency. The operating status is one of a steady state and a transient state. Furthermore, the method includes generating, by a data set generating unit, a data set including only one or a representative snapshot of the power information, when the normal status is detected; and a data set including a plurality of snapshots of the power information, when the transient state is detected.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing a disease related to abnormal suppression of regulatory T cell activity comprising a polypeptide comprising a bee venom-PLA2 amino acid sequence exclusive of a leader sequence as an active ingredient. The secretory bee venom-phospholipase A2 of the present invention activates a regulatory T cell and suppress a differentiation of Th1/Th7. Therefore, the present polypeptide can be used as a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing a disease related to abnormal suppression of regulatory T cell activity, i.e. autoimmune diseases, allergic diseases, or neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: A metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor may include a lower metal layer including a lower metal layer including a first lower metal layer and a second lower metal layer formed on a semiconductor substrate, an upper metal layer including a first upper metal layer and a second upper metal layer formed on the lower metal layer, a capacitor dielectric layer formed between the lower metal layer and the upper metal layer, a first bonding metal layer formed on the upper metal layer and a second bonding metal layer formed on the lower metal layer, a first connection wiring formed between the upper metal layer and the first bonding metal layer for directly connect the upper metal layer to the first bonding metal layer, and a second connection wiring formed between the lower metal layer and the second bonding metal layer for directly connecting the lower metal layer to the second bonding metal layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a herb composition for asthma maintenance therapy based on Chungsangboha-tang, which is known to be effective in asthma, capable of reducing the long-term suffering of asthma patients and improving their quality of lives and a manufacturing method thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an Nelumbinis semen extract having the effect of preventing or treating ischemic heart disease, as well as a pharmaceutical composition and health food for the prevention or treatment of ischemic heart diseases, which contain the Nelumbinis semen extract. The inventive Nelumbinis semen extract and the pharmaceutical composition and health food containing the same have the effect of recovering the heart which fails to function properly by ischemic heart diseases. Accordingly, they will be useful for the prevention or treatment of ischemic heart diseases, such as angina and myocardial infarction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an Nelumbinis semen extract having the effect of preventing or treating ischemic heart disease, as well as a pharmaceutical composition and health food for the prevention or treatment of ischemic heart diseases, which contain the Nelumbinis semen extract. The inventive Nelumbinis semen extract and the pharmaceutical composition and health food containing the same have the effect of recovering the heart which fails to function properly by ischemic heart diseases. Accordingly, they will be useful for the prevention or treatment of ischemic heart diseases, such as angina and myocardial infarction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an Poncirus trifoliata extract having the effect of preventing or treating ischemic heart disease, as well as a pharmaceutical composition and health food for the prevention or treatment of ischemic heart diseases, which contain the Poncirus trifoliata extract. The inventive Poncirus trifoliata extract and the pharmaceutical composition and health food containing the same have the effect of recovering the heart which fails to function properly by ischemic heart diseases. Accordingly, they will be useful for the prevention or treatment of ischemic heart diseases, such as angina and myocardial infarction.