Abstract: The invention relates to methods of detecting a genetic variation in a genetic sample from a subject using labeled probes and counting the number of labels in the probes. The invention also relates to manufacturing and using molecular arrays and analytical approaches based on single molecule detection techniques.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of detecting a genetic variation in a genetic sample from a subject using labeled probes and counting the number of labels in the probes.

Abstract: A method for quantifying labels on a substrate is performed by an electronic device with one or more processors and memory. The method includes obtaining digital data corresponding to a multi-dimensional measurement over the substrate; identifying a first set of sub-portions of the digital data; and, for a respective sub-portion of the first set of sub-portions of the digital data: increasing a quantity of labels, and subtracting a reference signal distribution from the respective sub-portion to obtain subtracted sub-portion data. The method also includes obtaining subtracted digital data. The subtracted digital data includes the subtracted sub-portion data for the respective sub-portion. The method further includes identifying a second set of one or more sub-portions of the subtracted digital data; and, for a respective sub-portion of the second set of one or more sub-portions of the subtracted digital data, increasing a quantity of labels.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of detecting a genetic variation in a genetic sample from a subject using labeled probes and counting the number of labels in the probes.

Abstract: A method for quantifying labels on a substrate is performed by an electronic device with one or more processors and memory. The method includes obtaining digital data corresponding to a multi-dimensional measurement over the substrate; identifying a first set of sub-portions of the digital data; and, for a respective sub-portion of the first set of sub-portions of the digital data: increasing a quantity of labels, and subtracting a reference signal distribution from the respective sub-portion to obtain subtracted sub-portion data. The method also includes obtaining subtracted digital data. The subtracted digital data includes the subtracted sub-portion data for the respective sub-portion. The method further includes identifying a second set of one or more sub-portions of the subtracted digital data; and, for a respective sub-portion of the second set of one or more sub-portions of the subtracted digital data, increasing a quantity of labels.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of detecting a genetic variation in a genetic sample from a subject using labeled probes and counting the number of labels in the probes.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of detecting a genetic variation in a genetic sample from a subject using labeled probes and counting the number of labels in the probes.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of detecting a genetic variation in a genetic sample from a subject using labeled probes and counting the number of labels in the probes. The invention also relates to manufacturing and using arrays and analytical approaches based on single molecule detection techniques.

Abstract: A method for quantifying labels on a substrate is performed by an electronic device with one or more processors and memory. The method includes obtaining digital data corresponding to a multi-dimensional measurement over the substrate; identifying a first set of sub-portions of the digital data; and, for a respective sub-portion of the first set of sub-portions of the digital data: increasing a quantity of labels, and subtracting a reference signal distribution from the respective sub-portion to obtain subtracted sub-portion data. The method also includes obtaining subtracted digital data. The subtracted digital data includes the subtracted sub-portion data for the respective sub-portion. The method further includes identifying a second set of one or more sub-portions of the subtracted digital data; and, for a respective sub-portion of the second set of one or more sub-portions of the subtracted digital data, increasing a quantity of labels.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of detecting a genetic variation in a genetic sample from a subject using labeled probes and counting the number of labels in the probes.

Abstract: The invention includes methods for optimally designing probes and analyzing data from sequence-byhybridization and related methods of stretched molecules or other experimental approaches that provide local information. An exemplary method of analyzing a nucleic acid sample may comprise: selecting a group of one or more labeled oligonucleotide probe(s), contacting at least one of the group of the labeled oligonucleotide probe(s) to at least one nucleic acid molecule(s) from the nucleic acid sample, wherein the nucleic acid molecule(s) is stretched, and correlating one or more point(s) of contact to a structural characteristic of the nucleic acid sample. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule(s) is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and/or the method of contacting is hybridization or ligation.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of detecting a genetic variation in a genetic sample from a subject. The invention further relates to methods of detecting a genetic variation in a genetic sample from a subject using labeled probes and counting the number of labels in the probes.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of detecting a genetic variation in a genetic sample from a subject using labeled probes and counting the number of labels in the probes. The invention also relates to manufacturing and using molecular arrays and analytical approaches based on single molecule detection techniques.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of detecting a genetic variation in a genetic sample from a subject using labeled probes and counting the number of labels in the probes.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of detecting a genetic variation in a genetic sample from a subject using labeled probes and counting the number of labels in the probes.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of detecting a genetic variation in a genetic sample from a subject using labeled probes and counting the number of labels in the probes.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of detecting a genetic variation in a genetic sample from a subject using labeled probes and counting the number of labels in the probes.

Abstract: The invention includes methods for optimally designing probes and analyzing data from sequence-by-hybridization and related methods of stretched molecules or other experimental approaches that provide local information.

Abstract: Association of Type 2 diabetes with single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes are disclosed. Also disclosed are diagnostic applications in identifying those who have Type 2 diabetes or are at risk of developing Type 2 diabetes, and discovery of therapeutic agents and methods of treatment.