Abstract: A chrome-free corrosion inhibitor composition includes: titanium chloride; a stabilizer including a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and at least a compound selected from nitric acid, persulfate, nitrate, and chlorate; and a film-forming enhancer selected from monosaccharide, oligosaccharide, polysaccharide, derivatives of saccharide, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A chrome-free corrosion inhibitor composition includes: titanium chloride; a stabilizer including a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and at least a compound selected from nitric acid, persulfate, nitrate, and chlorate; and a film-forming enhancer selected from monosaccharide, oligosaccharide, polysaccharide, derivatives of saccharide, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A continuous casting apparatus includes a housing, a vacuum unit connected to the housing, a furnace unit disposed in the housing and adapted to receive and heat a solid metal into a molten metal, an agitating gas supply unit adapted to supply an inert gas to the furnace unit to agitate the molten metal, a casting mold connected to a bottom end of the furnace unit and extending outwardly from the housing, a protective gas supply unit connected to an inner space of the housing, a cooling unit surrounding the casting mold and adapted to cool the molten metal that flows through a downward passage of the casting mold, and a drawing unit disposed below the casting mold and adapted to draw continuously a solid metal cast by the casting mold.

Abstract: A method for producing a metal alloy includes the steps of: (A) preparing a first melt containing a base metal which has not been alloyed; (B) preparing a second melt containing a base metal and at least one alloying element, the base metals in the first and second melts being the same; and (C) mixing the first and second melts to dilute the concentration of the alloying element.