Abstract: A kettle includes a water receiving chamber; a water heating chamber; and a water transfer siphon. The water transfer siphon has a siphon inlet aperture in communication with the water receiving chamber, and a siphon outlet aperture in communication with the water heating chamber. The water transfer siphon is preventable from priming with water from the water receiving chamber through a first rotation of the kettle to increase an elevation of a siphon crest of the water transfer siphon relative to a water level within the water receiving chamber, the first rotation occurring in a first direction.

Abstract: A kettle includes a water receiving chamber; a water heating chamber; and a water transfer siphon. The water transfer siphon has a siphon inlet aperture in communication with the water receiving chamber, and a siphon outlet aperture in communication with the water heating chamber. The water transfer siphon is preventable from priming with water from the water receiving chamber through a first rotation of the kettle to increase an elevation of a siphon crest of the water transfer siphon relative to a water level within the water receiving chamber, the first rotation occurring in a first direction.

Abstract: Apparatus for the inspection of the end surface of a cylindrical object including a device for irradiating the end surface of the object, a detector for detecting radiation reflected by the end surface substantially parallel to the axis of the object and a calculator for calculating the proportion of the end surface which has reflected radiation directly to the detector device, wherein the means for irradiating comprises a ring source the center of the ring being substantially co-incident with the axis of the object and being substantially transparent to reflected radiation so that light reflected to the detector passes unhindered through the ring, the ring source having associated therewith a device permitting substantially uniform irradiation across the said end surface.