Abstract: A tuning element tunes an optical component by adjusting the length of an optical fiber used within the optical component. Changes in length of a piezoelectric element are amplified by a surround structure, and the surround is provided with optical fiber fixing portions. The piezoelectric element is provided with an opening for receiving a fiber, such that a portion of a fiber can pass transversely through the opening, the length of the portion being adjustable by controlling the length of the piezoelectric element. The piezoelectric actuators have a fast response time and provide reliable operation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a microwave flat plate or planar antenna, and a method of manufacturing the same. As the frequency of operation increases, traditional methods of manufacturing these antennas are becoming increasingly impractical. The present invention provides an antenna tri-plate structure comprising, a first dielectric layer carrying a plurality of radiating elements, a second and third dielectric layer each comprising a metallised surface having a plurality of apertures corresponding to said radiating elements, a number of dielectrics spacers formed with said second and third dielectric layers, each said spacer being located between a said aperture and a said radiating element to maintain said layers apart.