Abstract: A projection display (60) includes a first waveguide (64) incorporating a grating structure (74) and second waveguide (66) incorporating an exit grating (84). The first and second waveguides (64, 66) are arrange to expand an image in orthogonal directions. The second waveguide (66) includes a first layer (86) with a first predetermined refractive index and/or first predetermined thickness, a second layer (88) with a second predetermined refractive index and/or second predetermined thickness. The exit grating (84) is arranged to direct at least some impinging light out of the second waveguide(66) and to provide at least some beam splitting of light passing through the exit grating (84). The first and second layers (86, 88) are arranged to abut one another such that the exit grating (84) is therebetween.

Abstract: A projection display (60) includes a first waveguide (64) incorporating a grating structure (74) and second waveguide (66) incorporating an exit grating (84). The first and second waveguides (64, 66) are arrange to expand an image in orthogonal directions. The second waveguide (66) includes a first layer (86) with a first predetermined refractive index and/or first predetermined thickness, a second layer (88) with a second predetermined refractive index and/or second predetermined thickness. The exit grating (84) is arranged to direct at least some impinging light out of the second waveguide(66) and to provide at least some beam splitting of light passing through the exit grating (84). The first and second layers (86, 88) are arranged to abut one another such that the exit grating (84) is therebetween.

Abstract: A monolithic laser array (30) has a plurality of parallel laser elements (31-1, 31-2 . . . 31-16) configured such that there is significantly reduced bond pad metallization area and drive contact metallization area between adjacent pairs of laser elements. Each laser element has a waveguide (33) extending along its optical axis, a drive contact (34) extending along at least a portion of the waveguide (33), and a bond pad area (35) extending laterally from the drive contact. The laser elements are arranged in pairs of adjacent laser elements with each laser element of a pair having its bond pad area (35) extending laterally towards the other laser element of the pair and occupying a respective portion of the substrate surface between the laser elements of the pair. The substrate surface between pairs of laser elements is thereby substantially free of bond pad metallization to form an enhanced cleave area extending over the length of the array.