Abstract: 2-Hydroxy-6-trifluoromethylpyridine is prepared by reacting 2-chloro-6-trifluoromethylpyridine with an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide in a sealed vessel at a temperature of at least 140.degree. C. under autogenous pressure.

Abstract: Compositions herein increased creatine retention and/or glycogen storage in muscle. A composition comprises creatine or its derivative and a carbohydrate or its derivative. The carbohydrate is in an amount by weight which is greater than the amount of creatine. The amount of carbohydrate and the amount of creatine are effective for increasing creatine retention and/or glycogen storage in muscle. The compositions may be in the form of a pharmaceutical or a dietary supplement and are intended for use in the human or animal body. Other compositions comprise creatine or an active derivative together with insulin or an active derivative. The amount of creatine and the amount of insulin are effective for increasing creatine retention and/or glycogen storage in muscle. The compositions including creatine and insulin may further contain a carbohydrate or its derivative.

Abstract: A method for determining the concentration of a reduced or oxidized form of a redox species in an electrochemical cell (FIG. 10) of the kind comprising a working electrode (2) and a counter electrode (16) spaced from the working electrode such that reaction products from the counter electrode arrive at the working electrode, the method comprising the steps (FIG. 5) of applying (21) an electric potential between the electrodes, such that the electro-oxidation of the redox species is diffusion controlled, determining the current as a function of time, estimating the magnitude of the steady state current (23), reversing the potential, again determining current as a function of time and estimating the reverse potential steady state (25).

Abstract: An insecticidal composition in the form of an aerosol water-in-oil emulsion is disclosed which comprises:(a) an amount of an aqueous suspension of microencapsulated insecticide to give an insecticide concentration in the composition of from 0.001 to 5% w/w;(b) one or more solvents in an amount of from 1 to 20% w/w;(c) one or more emulsifiers in an amount of from 0.2 to 10% w/w and selected from the group comprising mono-, di-and tri-sorbitan esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, mono- and poly-glycerol esters, ethoxylated nonionic emulsifiers, propoxylated nonionic emulsifiers and ethoxylated/propoxylated nonionic emulsifiers;(d) from 2 to 80% w/w of one or more propellants;(e) optionally from 0.001 to 5% w/w of one or more oil phase soluble insecticides; and(f) the balance being water.

Abstract: Resistive circuits are provided at the tip and ring of the battery feed circuit as a method of alleviating the need for bulky DC transformers or complex integrated circuitry. The voltage is monitored through a set of comparators eliminating the expense of maintaining fused resistors. The voltages for voice or data transmission is amplified prior to being transmitted. Received signals are AC coupled, with proper biasing, onto the tip and ring lines. Any AC noise on the tip and ring line is shifted 180 degrees out of phase and re-inserted on the line to cancel the noise. As an enhancement to the battery feed circuit, another voltage comparator is added to check the line for DC current signifying an off hook condition.

Abstract: An image analysis system is described in which the video signal information is processed so that only the measurements on any one feature are delivered to the output during any one frame scan.In a modification, the function of the computing circuit performing the measurements on the signals arising from scanning the features is changed from frame scan to frame scan until a complete programme of different parameter measurements has been performed on the signals relating to one feature (one parameter being dealt with during each frame scan). The analysis is then transferred to the next feature in the field as outlined above and the same programme of measurements is carried out on the next feature.