Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the production in an electrochemical cell of one or more of graphene, graphite nanoplatelet structures having a thickness of less than 100 nm, and graphane, wherein the cell comprises: (a) a negative electrode which is graphitic; (b) a positive electrode which may be graphitic or another material; and (c) an electrolyte selected from (i) an ionic liquid; (ii) a deep eutectic solvent; and (iii) a solid ionic conductor, optionally further comprising (iv) one or more ionic species, wherein the amount of (i), (ii) or (iii) and (iv) is greater than 50 wt % based on the total weight of the electrolyte; and wherein the electrolyte includes a mixture of different cations; and wherein the method comprises the step of passing a current through the cell to intercalate ions into the graphitic negative electrode so as to exfoliate the graphitic negative electrode.

Abstract: A device for identifying the presence of a specific target molecule or biomarker by the detection of a change in an electrical property includes a measurement sensor 8 comprising a semiconducting sensor structure 12 capable of conjugating with the biomarker, thus giving rise to the said change in electrical property, and an electrode system 3, 4 for conducting a signal from the device. According to the invention there is a further such sensor 9, of substantially identical form but having its sensor structure 14 already conjugated with the biomarker, or otherwise capped, e.g. using a further oligonucleotide strand, so as to act as an internal reference. When a biological sample, e.g. saliva, is applied to the electrodes, the reference enables the discounting of all environmental effects other than the biomarker. The invention provides a simple, cheap and accurate test for one or more biomarkers that can be used in the field without complex equipment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel nanocomposite materials, methods of making nanocomposites and uses of nanocomposite materials.

Abstract: A device for identifying the presence of a specific target molecule or biomarker by the detection of a change in an electrical property includes a measurement sensor 8 comprising a semiconducting sensor structure 12 capable of conjugating with the biomarker, thus giving rise to the said change in electrical property, and an electrode system 3, 4 for conducting a signal from the device. According to the invention there is a further such sensor 9, of substantially identical form but having its sensor structure 14 already conjugated with the biomarker, or otherwise capped, e.g. using a further oligonucleotide strand, so as to act as an internal reference. When a biological sample, e.g. saliva, is applied to the electrodes, the reference enables the discounting of all environmental effects other than the biomarker. The invention provides a simple, cheap and accurate test for one or more biomarkers that can be used in the field without complex equipment.

Abstract: A device for identifying the presence of a specific target molecule or biomarker by the detection of a change in an electrical property includes a measurement sensor 8 comprising a semiconducting sensor structure 12 capable of conjugating with the biomarker, thus giving rise to the said change in electrical property, and an electrode system 3, 4 for conducting a signal from the device. According to the invention there is a further such sensor 9, of substantially identical form but having its sensor structure 14 already conjugated with the biomarker, or otherwise capped, e.g. using a further oligonucleotide strand, so as to act as an internal reference. When a biological sample, e.g. saliva, is applied to the electrodes, the reference enables the discounting of all environmental effects other than the biomarker. The invention provides a simple, cheap and accurate text for one or more biomarkers that can be used in the field without complex equipment.

Abstract: A method of producing graphene by the electrochemical insertion of alkylammonium cations in a solvent into graphite is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for the production of graphene and graphite nanoplatelet structures having a thickness of less than 100 nm in an electrochemical cell, wherein the cell comprises: (a) a negative electrode which is graphitic; (b) a positive electrode which may be graphitic or another material; and (c) an electrolyte which is ions in a solvent where the cations are organic ions and metal ions; and wherein the method comprises the step of passing a current through the cell.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the production in an electrochemical cell of one or more of graphene, graphite nanoplatelet structures having a thickness of less than 100 nm, and graphane, wherein the cell comprises: (a) a negative electrode which is graphitic; (b) a positive electrode which may be graphitic or another material; and (c) an electrolyte selected from (i) an ionic liquid; (ii) a deep eutectic solvent; and (iii) a solid ionic conductor, optionally further comprising (iv) one or more ionic species, wherein the amount of (i), (ii) or (iii) and (iv) is greater than 50 wt % based on the total weight of the electrolyte; and wherein the electrolyte includes a mixture of different cations; and wherein the method comprises the step of passing a current through the cell to intercalate ions into the graphitic negative electrode so as to exfoliate the graphitic negative electrode.

Abstract: A method for the production of graphene and graphite nanoplatelet structures having a thickness of less than 100 nm in an electrochemical cell, wherein the cell comprises: (a) a negative electrode which is graphitic; (b) a positive electrode which may be graphitic or another material; and (c) an electrolyte which is ions in a solvent where the cations are organic ions and metal ions; and wherein the method comprises the step of passing a current through the cell.

Abstract: A device for identifying the presence of a specific target molecule or biomarker by the detection of a change in an electrical property includes a measurement sensor 8 comprising a semiconducting sensor structure 12 capable of conjugating with the biomarker, thus giving rise to the said change in electrical property, and an electrode system 3, 4 for conducting a signal from the device. According to the invention there is a further such sensor 9, of substantially identical form but having its sensor structure 14 already conjugated with the biomarker, or otherwise capped, e.g. using a further oligonucleotide strand, so as to act as an internal reference. When a biological sample, e.g. saliva, is applied to the electrodes, the reference enables the discounting of all environmental effects other than the biomarker. The invention provides a simple, cheap and accurate text for one or more biomarkers that can be used in the field without complex equipment.

Abstract: A method of producing graphene by the electrochemical insertion of alkylammonium cations in a solvent into graphite is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel nanocomposite materials, methods of making nanocomposites and uses of nanocomposite materials.

Abstract: A process for production of an agglomerate comprises the steps of: passing a flow of one or more gaseous reactants into a reactor; reacting the one or more gaseous reactants within a reaction zone of the reactor to form product particles; agglomerating the product particles into an agglomerate; and applying a force to the agglomerate to displace it continuously away from the reaction zone.