Abstract: An intelligent query system for processing voiced-based queries is disclosed, which uses a combination of both statistical and semantic based processing to identify the question posed by the user by understanding the meaning of the user's utterance. Based on identifying the meaning of the utterance, the system selects a single answer that best matches the user's query. The answer that is paired to this single question is then retrieved and presented to the user. The system, as implemented, accepts environmental variables selected by the user and is scalable to provide answers to a variety and quantity of user-initiated queries.

Abstract: A detection system in which a single sensor (14) is employed to detect two, or more, levels, or ranges, of a parameter. The output signal from the sensor (14) is fed to a detection circuit (12) for amplification and thence to a control circuit (24). The control circuit (24) is switchable, either manually, or preferably programmably, for example by a timer, between two or more modes of operation for processing the output signal from the sensor (14) in a different manner, for example using different algorithms, according to the condition that is to be detected. The switching of the control circuit (24) between its modes results in a signal being sent to the detection circuit (12) to change its sensitivity to the signal received from the sensor (14), thereby to maintain accuracy of measurement of the parameter in both or all modes of operation.

Abstract: A landing gear for an aircraft includes a shock absorber strut (1) with upper and lower telescoping portions (2, 3), the upper portion (2) being connectable to the airframe of the aircraft. An arm (4) extends fore and aft relative to the aircraft and carrying a landing wheel, (7, 71), and pivotally connects by a main pivot (5) to the lower portion (3) of the shock absorber strut. A load reacting unit (9) connects between the arm (4) and the shock absorber strut (1) for reacting to load applied between the arm and shock absorber strut on landing. An indicator (60) monitors the load applied to the load reacting unit (9) on landing. The load reacting unit (9) may be connected between a forward end of the arm (4) and the upper portion (2) of the shock absorber strut to make the gear act as a semi-levered landing gear. Alternatively, the load reacting unit (9) may be connected between the arm (4) and the lower portion (3) of the shock absorber strut to act as a pitch trimmer.

Abstract: An overload detecting assembly comprises a first load bearing member (10) adapted to flex laterally in response to a load to be monitored, a second load bearing member (11) spaced from the first under normal load conditions and which is contacted and loaded by the first load bearing member (10) when it is loaded beyond a load limit. Preferably, the first load bearing member (10) has a yield point below the load limit and takes a permanent set once the yield point has been exceeded. A lateral probe (18) cooperates with the first load bearing member as it moves towards the second load bearing member and in turn deflects an indicator member (20) which takes a permanent set when a yield point is exceeded. Ready inspection of the indicator member then reveals whether or not it has been bent.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of identifying a plurality of devices connected along a common communications link is disclosed. A control station scans the devices by sending a succession of interrogation signals along the communication link, the interrogation signals comprising a representation of the identification numbers of the devices. A first scan is carried out with interrogation signals identifying a first level of the range of identification numbers, and each device is programmed to generate, and to send to the control station, a response signal that comprises its complete identification number and a checksum, upon receipt of a scan signal applicable thereto. Successive scans are carried out by the control station, adding the next higher level of the range of identification numbers, wherein upon completion of a scan that does not give rise to invalid responses, the previously-paused scan is resumed.

Abstract: An intelligent query system for processing voiced-based queries is disclosed, which uses a combination of both statistical and semantic based processing to identify the question posed by the user by understanding the meaning of the user's utterance. Based on identifying the meaning of the utterance, the system selects a single answer that best matches the user's query. The answer that is paired to this single question is then retrieved and presented to the user. The system, as implemented, accepts environmental variables selected by the user and is scalable to provide answers to a variety and quantity of user-initiated queries.

Abstract: A method of monitoring an alarm system comprises transmitting a sound alert signal, receiving the transmitted sound alert signal, comparing the received sound alert signal with a reference signal having parameters dependent upon equivalent parameters of the transmitted sound alert signal, and outputting a signal indicating whether or not the equivalent parameters of the received sound alert signal have a predetermined relationship with said parameters of the transmitted sound alert signal.

Abstract: Speech signal information is formatted, processed and transported in accordance with a format adapted for TCP/IP protocols used on the Internet and other communications networks. NULL characters are used for indicating the end of a voice segment. The method is useful for distributed speech recognition systems such as a client-server system, typically implemented on an intranet or over the Internet based on user queries at his/her computer, a PDA, or a workstation using a speech input interface.

Abstract: A system for restricting spinal flexion includes superior and inferior tether structures joined by a pair of compliance members. Compliance members comprise tension members which apply a relatively low elastic tension on the tether structures. By placing the tether structures on or over adjacent spinous processes, flexion of a spinal segment can be controlled in order to reduce pain.

Abstract: A detector comprises a detector base and a sensor, first and second resistors connected in series, a DC voltage source (Vref) connected to the resistors, and means for monitoring the voltage at the midpoint of a potential divider constituted by the series-connected resistors. The first and second resistors are rated so that the midpoint voltage is indicative of the date of manufacture of the sensor.

Abstract: A surgical fastening mechanism for releasably locking an implantable tether includes a housing having a central channel. The housing has an entry aperture, an exit aperture and a side channel extending therebetween. A roller element has a sidewall with an aperture therethrough and the roller is slidably disposed at least partially in the central channel such that the entry and exit apertures are at least partially aligned with the roller aperture. This permits passage of the tether therethrough. Rotation of the roller element in a first direction winds the tether around the roller thereby creating a friction interface between the roller element, the housing and the tether. A locking mechanism is operably connected with either the housing or the roller element and is adapted to prevent rotation of the roller in the central channel and also adapted to prevent release of the tether from the roller.

Abstract: A detection system in which a single sensor is employed to detect an extensive range of a parameter. The output signal from the sensor is fed to the input of the electrical circuit, having a feedback loop, wherein the electrical circuit has a non-linear transfer characteristic. The non-linear transfer characteristic is achieved by changing the behavior of the feedback loop of the electrical circuit at a predetermined level of input signal. The output of the circuit has a proportional relationship with the input until the input signal reaches this predetermined value, whereupon the behaviors of the feedback loop changes and the relationship of the output to the input of the circuit changes. While the input signal is above the predetermined value, the output of the circuit has a linear but disproportionate relationship with the input at a gradient different to that when the input signal is below the predetermined value.

Abstract: Spinous process constraint structures include a first attachment element for placement over a first spinous process and a second attachment element for placement over a second spinous process. The attachment elements are joined by a single connector which may optionally include a compliance member for providing controlled elasticity between the spinous processes.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and systems for constraining spinous processes to elastically limit flexion of two or more adjacent spinal segments rely on placing a tether structure over at least three adjacent vertebral bodies or two adjacent vertebral bodies and the sacrum. The tether structures may be continuous, for example in the form of a continuous loop, or may be discontinuous, for example in the form of a loop or elongate element having at least two anchor structures for securing in bone.

Abstract: A spinal implant system for restricting flexion of a spine includes an elongate band proportioned to engage at least two spinous processes. During use, the band is positioned engaging the spinous processes at a spinal segment of interest, where it restricts flexion at the segment. The length and tension of the band may be adjustable following to implantation using percutaneous or transcutaneous means.

Abstract: A spinal implant system for restricting flexion of a spine includes an elongate band proportioned to engage at least two spinous processes. During use, the band is positioned engaging the spinous processes at a spinal segment of interest, where it restricts flexion at the segment. The length and tension of the band may be adjustable following to implantation using percutaneous or transcutaneous means.

Abstract: A semi-levered landing gear for an aircraft comprises a main shock absorber strut (1) connected to the airframe; a bogie beam (4) extending fore and aft of the airframe with forward and aft wheels (J, T) and a main pivot connection (5) to the strut (1) between the forward and aft wheels (7, T) and an auxiliary actuator (49) connected between the strut (1) and the front of the bogie beam (4) at an auxiliary pivot (14). The auxiliary actuator (49) comprises a two stage telescopic hydraulic unit comprising a first stage piston and cylinder actuator (59, 63) and a second stage piston and cylinder actuator (56, 50) operating coaxially within an outer casing (50). A respective piston rod (65, 60) each extends from each end of the casing (50) and is connected to a respective one of said (strut 1) and bogie beam (4). The first stage actuator (59, 63) is operable to an extended position, and the second stage actuator (56, 60) is operable between a retracted position (FIG. 11) and an extended position (FIG.

Abstract: A detection system in which a single sensor is employed to detect an extensive range of a parameter The output signal from the sensor is fed to the input of the electrical circuit, having a feedback loop, wherein the electrical circuit has a non-linear transfer characteristic. The non-linear transfer characteristic is achieved by changing the behaviour of the feedback loop of the electrical circuit at a predetermined level of input signal. The output of the circuit has a proportional relationship with the input until the input signal reaches this predetermined value, whereupon the behaviour of the feedback loop changes and the relationship of the output to the input of the circuit changes. While the input signal is above the predetermined value, the output of the circuit has a linear but disproportionate relationship with the input at a gradient different to that when the input signal is below the predetermined value.

Abstract: A system for restricting spinal flexion includes superior and inferior tether structures joined by a pair of compliance members. Compliance members comprise tension members which apply a relatively low elastic tension on the tether structures. By placing the tether structures on or over adjacent spinous processes, flexion of a spinal segment can be controlled in order to reduce pain.

Abstract: A spinal implant system for restricting flexion of a spine includes an elongate band proportioned to engage at least two spinous processes. During use, the band is positioned engaging the spinous processes at a spinal segment of interest, where it restricts flexion at the segment. The length and tension of the band may be adjustable following to implantation using percutaneous or transcutaneous means.