Abstract: A system for risk-based multi-factor authentication having a multi-dimensional time series data server configured to monitor and record a network's traffic data and to serve the traffic data to other modules and a directed computation graph module configured to receive network traffic data from the multi-dimensional time series data server, determine a network traffic baseline from the network traffic data, and determine a verification score needed before granting access based at least in part by the network traffic baseline. A plurality of verification methods build up a user's verification score to required level to gain access.

Abstract: Examples of the present invention provide a method of converting a multicast stream into unicast segments. In particular, sequence identifiers are generated based on a clock reference field in the transport stream packets that make up the multicast stream. Every time a new sequence identifier is calculated, a new unicast segment is generated and assigned with the new sequence identifier. Transport stream packets are placed into the new segment until a packet is processed that causes a new sequence identifier to be generated, at which point another new segment is generated and packets placed into that segment. In an improved method, random access indicators in the transports stream packets are used to further constrain when a new segment is generated, to ensure that new segments are coincident with a packet having a random access indicator. This improvement makes random access easier back and forth between and within a stream.

Abstract: The invention presents a method of providing feedback for receipt of a multicast video stream. The feedback mechanism allows the number of clients receiving over multicast to be determined, which can then be used to manage multicast delivery, including switching decisions between multicast and unicast. Video content is delivered over a multicast stream from a content server to a plurality of client devices. The client devices are each configured to respond at regular intervals whilst receiving the multicast video stream by transmitting an HTTP HEAD request message to the content server. The HTTP HEAD request refers to metadata relating to a manifest file associated with the video stream. The number of client devices receiving the multicast video stream is determined based on the number of HEAD requests received at the content server.

Abstract: Examples of the present invention provide a method of converting a multicast stream into unicast segments. In particular, sequence identifiers are generated based on a clock reference field in the transport stream packets that make up the multicast stream. Every time a new sequence identifier is calculated, a new unicast segment is generated and assigned with the new sequence identifier. Transport stream packets are placed into the new segment until a packet is processed that causes a new sequence identifier to be generated, at which point another new segment is generated and packets placed into that segment. In an improved method, random access indicators in the transports stream packets are used to further constrain when a new segment is generated, to ensure that new segments are coincident with a packet having a random access indicator. This improvement makes random access easier back and forth between and within a stream.

Abstract: The invention presents a method of generating a multicast stream for transporting video content such as live TV. First, the video content is encoded, and segmented into temporal chunks. Each chunk is then encapsulated in one or more RTP pacets, depending on the size of the chunk, and each RTP packet is marked with a chunk marker to indicate which of the packets the boundaries between chunks lie. The multicast stream is then generated by encapsulating the RTP packets, preferably using UDP in IP packets. The chunk marker is provided for by a special field in the RTP payload header. The chunk marker can be a chunk index or a chunk offset. Both, individually and in combination, can be used to determine the boundary between chunks.

Abstract: The invention presents a method of providing feedback for receipt of a multicast video stream. The feedback mechanism allows the number of clients receiving over multicast to be determined, which can then be used to manage multicast delivery, including switching decisions between multicast and unicast. Video content is delivered over a multicast stream from a content server to a plurality of client devices. The client devices are each configured to respond at regular intervals whilst receiving the multicast video stream by transmitting an HTTP HEAD request message to the content server. The HTTP HEAD request refers to metadata relating to a manifest file associated with the video stream. The number of client devices receiving the multicast video stream is determined based on the number of HEAD requests received at the content server.

Abstract: The invention provides a determination of direction to a remote object which omnidirectionally transmits a signal. The invention includes a handheld directional and omnidirectional antenna at a user's location and a handheld circuit coupled to the antennas to determine field strengths of the signal received from the remote object by the two antennas. A comparison of the received signals at the antennas during a sweep a field of observation is made and a probable direction of the remote object relative to the user's location is selected from the data sweep. The apparatus may further comprise a digital compass which generates a compass heading corresponding to each direction in which the directional antenna is pointed. The circuit stores field strength data by compass heading and averages the field strength data according to a predetermined protocol over compass headings.

Abstract: The invention provides a determination of direction to a remote object which omnidirectionally transmits a signal. The invention includes a handheld directional and omnidirectional antenna at a user's location and a handheld circuit coupled to the antennas to determine field strengths of the signal received from the remote object by the two antennas. A comparison of the received signals at the antennas during a sweep a field of observation is made and a probable direction of the remote object relative to the user's location is selected from the data sweep. The apparatus may further comprise a digital compass which generates a compass heading corresponding to each direction in which the directional antenna is pointed. The circuit stores field strength data by compass heading and averages the field strength data according to a predetermined protocol over compass headings.