Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for enabling multi-beam PRACH. One method may include transmitting a physical random access channel preamble based upon at least two different transmission beams in the same random access channel occasion; and receive a message configured to indicate a preferred transmission beam of the transmission beams used with the physical random access channel preamble.

Abstract: An apparatus including circuitry configured to define a spatial beam codebook of size NB on the basis of radiation patterns of an antenna array of a base station of a radio access network, which utilizes inter-radio-access technology, wherein each beam corresponds to a radiation pattern whose main lobe is uniquely directed to an angular direction with respect to the antenna array. The apparatus further includes circuitry configured to assign a spatial beam index from the spatial beam codebook for a candidate user equipment of the radio access technology; circuitry configured to assign a set of subcarriers for candidate user equipment of the radio access technology for each spatial beam index; and circuitry configured to use the assigned sets of subcarriers and spatial beam indices of the other radio-access-technology for one or more of resource pool partitioning, link-adaptation, and packet scheduling for the candidate user equipment.

Abstract: A method includes selecting a received signal strength threshold level for determining whether an uplink resource of a terminal device is allocated from a first frequency band or from a second frequency band, and wherein the first frequency band is for terminal devices having a received signal strength above the received signal strength threshold level and the second frequency band is for terminal devices having the received signal strength below the received signal strength threshold level; outputting the received signal strength threshold level to be broadcasted in a cell; acquiring received signal strength values measured for a plurality of terminal devices in the cell and further acquiring and at least one performance metric target; and changing the received signal strength threshold level on the basis of the measured received signal strength values and the at least one performance metric target.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) user pairing selection are provided. One method may include selecting multi-user multiple input multiple output (MU MIMO) candidate beams using deep neural network(s) (DNNs), and selecting paired users based on the selected beams. The deep neural network(s) (DNNs) are trained to maximize multi-user priority metric (MU-PM) or a heuristic of the multi-user priority metric (MU-PM).

Abstract: An apparatus including circuitry configured to define a spatial beam codebook of size NB on the basis of radiation patterns of an antenna array of a base station of a radio access network, which utilizes inter-radio-access technology, wherein each beam corresponds to a radiation pattern whose main lobe is uniquely directed to an angular direction with respect to the antenna array. The apparatus further includes circuitry configured to assign a spatial beam index from the spatial beam codebook for a candidate user equipment of the radio access technology; circuitry configured to assign a set of subcarriers for candidate user equipment of the radio access technology for each spatial beam index; and circuitry configured to use the assigned sets of subcarriers and spatial beam indices of the other radio-access-technology for one or more of resource pool partitioning, link-adaptation, and packet scheduling for the candidate user equipment.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and computer programs for automatically allocating physical layer cell identifiers A modulo 3 grouping and a modulo 30 grouping are provided for physical layer cell identifiers in a cellular communication system. The modulo 3 grouping is associated with first synchronization signal assignments and the modulo 30 grouping is associated with second synchronization signal assignments. A combination of first and second synchronization signals determines a physical layer cell identifier of a cell. A modulo 3 group is allocated to each of multiple cells of the system. After the allocation of the modulo 3 groups, a modulo 30 group is allocated to each of the multiple cells. The allocation of the modulo 30 groups incorporates the allocated modulo 3 group as a precondition for the modulo 30 grouping. To each cell, first and second synchronization signals are allocated on the basis of said allocation of the modulo 30 group.

Abstract: A method includes generating, by a network element, a radio map of a single-frequency network having multiple cells. The radio map represents power levels of radio signals at several locations in the network. A first function is selected to be applied, wherein the first function is based on the radio map and includes physical cell identity, PCI, modulo 3 values for the multiple cells as input. Different combinations of the PCI modulo 3 values are applied in the first function. Each candidate PCI modulo 3 value is selected from a group of three available options. An output of the first function is determined with respect to each combination. It is determined which combination provides the output fulfilling a predefined criterion. Those PCI modulo 3 values, which correspond to the output fulfilling the predefined criterion, are allocated to the multiple cells in order to reduce interference between primary synchronization sequences.

Abstract: At a base station in a wireless network, interference is determined for a plurality of pairs of cells. Each pair of cells is between an individual one of one or more serving cells formed by the base station and an individual one of other cells that surround the one or more serving cells. At the base station, values for physical cell identifications are allocated for the one or more serving cells based on the interference for the plurality of pairs of cells. Systems, methods, apparatus, programs, and program products are disclosed. The examples may also take into account modulo 30, modulo 3, and modulo 6 collisions.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and computer programs automatically allocating physical layer cell identifiers. A modulo 3 grouping and a modulo 30 grouping are provided for physical layer cell identifiers in a cellular communication system. The modulo 3 grouping is associated with first synchronization signal assignments and the modulo 30 grouping is associated with second synchronization signal assignments. A combination of first and second synchronization signals determines a physical layer cell identifier of a cell. A modulo 3 group is allocated to each of multiple cells of the system. After the allocation of the modulo 3 groups, a modulo 30 group is allocated to each of the multiple cells. The allocation of the modulo 30 groups incorporates the allocated modulo 3 group as a precondition for the modulo 30 grouping. To each cell, first and second synchronization signals are allocated on the basis of said allocation of the modulo 30 group.

Abstract: A method includes generating, by a network element, a radio map of a single-frequency network having multiple cells. The radio map represents power levels of radio signals at several locations in the network. A first function is selected to be applied, wherein the first function is based on the radio map and includes physical cell identity, PCI, modulo 3 values for the multiple cells as input. Different combinations of the PCI modulo 3 values are applied in the first function. Each candidate PCI modulo 3 value is selected from a group of three available options. An output of the first function is determined with respect to each combination. It is determined which combination provides the output fulfilling a predefined criterion. Those PCI modulo 3 values, which correspond to the output fulfilling the predefined criterion, are allocated to the multiple cells in order to reduce interference between primary synchronization sequences.

Abstract: At a base station in a wireless network, interference is determined for a plurality of pairs of cells. Each pair of cells is between an individual one of one or more serving cells formed by the base station and an individual one of other cells that surround the one or more serving cells. At the base station, values for physical cell identifications are allocated for the one or more serving cells based on the interference for the plurality of pairs of cells. Systems, methods, apparatus, programs, and program products are disclosed. The examples may also take into account modulo 30, modulo 3, and modulo 6 collisions.

Abstract: A cellular mobile communication system, in which a plurality of base stations communicate with mobile stations, provides a retrieval unit, in which each base station retrieves the information regarding the radio communication status of each base station communicating with the predetermined mobile station, a decision unit, which makes a decision as to whether or not to permit interstation-cooperated communication with each base station based on the information, and a determination unit which determines the communication method adopted in the mobile station based on the decision result.