Abstract: Enzyme channeling assay is provided employing a solid non-porous surface to which is bound a member of a specific binding pair and an enzyme. A complementary member of a specific binding pair is conjugated to second enzyme, so that the amount of second enzyme which becomes bound to said solid non-porous surface by the binding of a specific binding pair(s) is related to the amount of analyte in the liquid assay medium with which the solid surface is in contact. The first and second enzymes are related by the product of one being the substrate of the other. The turnover of the substrate formed by one of the enzymes results in a detectable product, which can be related to the amount of analyte in the medium.

Abstract: Novel compositions and methods are provided for detecting the presence of a material of interest in a specimen on a solid surface. A composition useful for detecting the presence of a material of interest in a specimen comprises (1) a detector conjugate comprising a fluorescing moiety bonded to a compound capable of specific binding with the material of interest, or a derivative thereof, and (2) a non-detector conjugate comprising a poly(amino acid) and a compound having substantial structural and charge similarity to the fluorescing compound and no observable fluorescence, or low level fluorescence of a different wavelength than that of the fluoresing compound, in the region of fluorescence of the fluorescing compound. In the method of the invention, a specimen, on a solid surface, is combined with the detector conjugate and the non-detector conjugate, and the combination is incubated.

Abstract: An improved immunoassay for determining the presence of an analyte in a serum sample and conjugates therefor are described. The known method comprises combining the sample with a conjugate of the analyte and an enzyme and with a receptor for analyte, and determining the presence of analyte in the sample from the effect that the sample has on the enzymatic activity when compared to the enzymatic activity in the absence of analyte or in the presence of known amounts of analyte. The present invention resides in the conjugation to the enzyme label of a label protectant which allows modulation of the enzymatic activity to occur and minimizes background interference between the enzyme label and the sample, which would alter the enzymatic activity.

Abstract: A method for determining a member of a specific binding pair-ligand and receptor (antiligand). Reagents employed include a first modified member which provides an electrical field due to the presence of a plurality of ionic charges and a second modified member labeled with a component of a signal producing system, which system may have one or more components. The average proximity in the assay medium of the first and second modified members is related to the amount of analyte, where the observed signal from the signal producing system is related to the effect of the electrical field on the signal producing system.Also, compositions are provided, as well as reagents, in predetermined ratios for optimizing the signal response to variations in analyte concentration.

Abstract: A method for determining a member of a specific binding pair-ligand and receptor (antiligand). Reagents employed include a first modified member which provides an electrical field due to the presence of a plurality of ionic charges and a second modified member labeled with a component of a signal producing system, which system may have one or more components. The average proximity in the assay medium of the first and second modified members is related to the amount of analyte, where the observed signal from the signal producing system is related to the effect of the electrical field on the signal producing system.Also, compositions are provided, as well as reagents, in predetermined ratios for optimizing the signal response to variations in analyte concentration.

Abstract: Method and compositions are provided for performing homogeneous immunoassays. The method involves having a signal producing system, which provides a detectable signal, which system includes a macromolecular member. The determination of the analyte, which is a member of a specific binding pair consisting of a ligand and its homologous receptor, is performed by creating an extensive matrix in the assay medium by having in the assay medium in addition to the analyte, ligand labeled with one of the members of the signal producing system, antiligand either present as the analyte or added, a polyvalent receptor for antiligand, the macromolecular member of the signal producing system, and any additional members of the signal producing system. The labeled ligand, antiligand, and polyvalent receptor for the antiligand create a matrix which modulates, e.g. inhibits, the approach of the macromolecular member of the signal producing system to the labeled ligand.