Abstract: The invention is directed to the use of (i) a first antigen corresponding to a target antigen of interest, together with (ii) a second antigen, corresponding to a modified form of the target antigen, whose rate of intracellular proteolytic degradation is increased, enhanced or otherwise elevated relative to the first antigen, in compositions and methods for inducing both humoral and cellular immunity in an individual. The ability to provide compositions, which are capable of inducing both host-protective antibody and cell-mediated immune responses, facilitates the generation of immunogenic compositions capable of combating, inter alia, conditions that have long latency periods and, therefore, benefit from the dual approach of prophylaxis and therapy in one delivery.

Abstract: The present invention discloses methods and compositions for modulating the quality of an immune response to a target antigen in a mammal, which response results from the expression of a polynucleotide that encodes at least a portion of the target antigen, wherein the quality is modulated by replacing at least one codon of the polynucleotide with a synonymous codon that has a higher or lower preference of usage by the mammal to confer the immune response than the codon it replaces.

Abstract: The present invention discloses methods and compositions for modulating the quality of an immune response to a target antigen in a mammal, which response results from the expression of a polynucleotide that encodes at least a portion of the target antigen, wherein the quality is modulated by replacing at least one codon of the polynucleotide with a synonymous codon that has a higher or lower preference of usage by the mammal to confer the immune response than the codon it replaces.

Abstract: The present invention discloses methods and compositions for modulating the quality of an immune response to a target antigen in a mammal, which response results from the expression of a polynucleotide that encodes at least a portion of the target antigen, wherein the quality is modulated by replacing at least one codon of the polynucleotide with a synonymous codon that has a higher or lower preference of usage by the mammal to confer the immune response than the codon it replaces.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the use of (i) a first antigen corresponding to a target antigen of interest, together with (ii) a second antigen, corresponding to a modified form of the target antigen, whose rate of intracellular proteolytic degradation is increased, enhanced or otherwise elevated relative to the first antigen, in compositions and methods for inducing both humoral and cellular immunity in an individual. The ability to provide compositions, which are capable of inducing both host-protective antibody and cell-mediated immune responses, facilitates the generation of immunogenic compositions capable of combating, inter alia, conditions that have long latency periods and, therefore, benefit from the dual approach of prophylaxis and therapy in one delivery.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the use of (i) a first antigen corresponding to a target antigen of interest, together with (ii) a second antigen, corresponding to a modified form of the target antigen, whose rate of intracellular proteolytic degradation is increased, enhanced or otherwise elevated relative to the first antigen, in compositions and methods for inducing both humoral and cellular immunity in an individual. The ability to provide compositions, which are capable of inducing both host-protective antibody and cell-mediated immune responses, facilitates the generation of immunogenic compositions capable of combating, inter alia, conditions that have long latency periods and, therefore, benefit from the dual approach of prophylaxis and therapy in one delivery.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for modulating the quality of a selected phenotype that is displayed by an organism or part thereof and that results from the expression of a polypeptide-encoding polynucleotide by replacing at least one codon of that polynucleotide with a synonymous codon that has a higher or lower preference of usage by the organism or part thereof to produce the selected phenotype than the codon it replaces. The present invention is also directed to the use of a codon-modified polynucleotide so constructed for modulating the quality of a selected phenotype displayed by an organism or part thereof.

Abstract: The present invention discloses construct systems and methods for comparing different iso-accepting codons according to their preference for translating RNA transcripts into proteins in cell or tissues of interest or for producing a selected phenotype in an organism of interest or part thereof. The codon preference comparisons thus obtained are particularly useful for modifying the translational efficiency of protein-encoding polynucleotides in cells or tissues of interest or for modulating the quality of a selected phenotype conferred by a phenotype-associated polypeptide upon an organism of interest or part thereof.

Abstract: The present invention discloses methods and compositions for modulating the quality of an immune response to a target antigen in a mammal, which response results from the expression of a polynucleotide that encodes at least a portion of the target antigen, wherein the quality is modulated by replacing at least one codon of the polynucleotide with a synonymous codon that has a higher or lower preference of usage by the mammal to confer the immune response than the codon it replaces.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for modulating the production of a protein from a polynucleotide in a CHO cell by replacing at least one codon of the polynucleotide with a synonymous codon that has a higher or lower translation efficiency in the CHO cell than the codon it replaces, or by introducing into the CHO cell a polynucleotide that codes for an iso-tRNA which limits the rate of production of the polypeptide and which corresponds to a codon of the first polynucleotide. The present invention also discloses the use of a protein-encoding polynucleotide whose codon composition has been modified for enhanced production of the protein in CHO cells.

Abstract: The present invention discloses methods and compositions for modulating the quality of an immune response to a target antigen in a mammal, which response results from the expression of a polynucleotide that encodes at least a portion of the target antigen, wherein the quality is modulated by replacing at least one codon of the polynucleotide with a synonymous codon that has a higher or lower preference of usage by the mammal to confer the immune response than the codon it replaces.

Abstract: A method of making a genetically modified mammalian cell, the method including selecting a first codon of a parent polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide for replacement with a synonymous codon, wherein the synonymous codon is selected on the basis that it exhibits a higher translational efficiency in a first type of mammalian cell than the first codon in a comparison of translational efficiencies of codons in cells of the first type, replacing the first codon with the synonymous codon to form a synthetic polynucleotide, and introducing the synthetic polynucleotide into a mammalian cell to produce the genetically modified mammalian cell.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for determining the translational efficiency of an individual codon in a cell. The method includes introducing into the cell a synthetic construct including a reporter polynucleotide fused in frame with a tandem repeat of the individual codon, wherein the reporter polynucleotide encodes a reporter protein, and wherein the synthetic construct is operably linked to a regulatory polynucleotide; and measuring expression of the reporter protein in the cell to determine the translational efficiency of the codon.

Abstract: The present invention discloses the use of an inhibitor of IL-10 function and an immune stimulator that stimulates the priming of an immune response to a target antigen, in methods and compositions for stimulating and prolonging host immune responses to the target antigen. The methods and compositions of the present invention are particularly useful in the treatment or prophylaxis of a range of conditions including pathogenic infections and cancers.

Abstract: The present invention discloses the use of an inhibitor of IL-10 function and an immune stimulator that stimulates the priming of an immune response to a target antigen, in methods and compositions for stimulating and prolonging host immune responses to the target antigen. The methods and compositions of the present invention are particularly useful in the treatment or prophylaxis of a range of conditions including pathogenic infections and cancers.

Abstract: A method of constructing a synthetic polynucleotide, the method including selecting a first codon of a parent polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide for replacement with a synonymous codon, wherein the synonymous codon is selected on the basis that it exhibits a higher translational efficiency in an epithelial cell of a mammal than the first codon in a comparison of translational efficiencies of codons in test cells of the same type as the epithelial cell; and replacing the first codon with the synonymous codon to construct the synthetic polynucleotide.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for determining the translational efficiency of an individual codon in a cell. The method comprises introducing into the cell a synthetic construct comprising a reporter polynucleotide fused in frame with a tandem repeat of said individual codon, wherein said reporter polynucleotide encodes a reporter protein, and wherein said synthetic construct is operably linked to a regulatory polynucleotide and measuring expression of said reporter protein in said cell to determine the translational efficiency of said codon.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the use of (i) a first antigen corresponding to a target antigen of interest, together with (ii) a second antigen, corresponding to a modified form of the target antigen, whose rate of intracellular proteolytic degradation is increased, enhanced or otherwise elevated relative to the first antigen, in compositions and methods for inducing both humoral and cellular immunity in an individual. The ability to provide compositions, which are capable of inducing both host-protective antibody and cell-mediated immune responses, facilitates the generation of immunogenic compositions capable of combating, inter alia, conditions that have long latency periods and, therefore, benefit from the dual approach of prophylaxis and therapy in one delivery.

Abstract: A method of making a genetically modified mammal, the method including selecting a first codon of a parent polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide for replacement with a synonymous codon, wherein the synonymous codon is selected on the basis that it exhibits a higher translational efficiency in a first cell type of the mammal than the first codon in a comparison of translational efficiencies of codons in cells of the first type, replacing the first codon with the synonymous codon to form a synthetic polynucleotide, and introducing the synthetic polynucleotide into a cell of the mammal.

Abstract: A method of constructing a synthetic polynucleotide, the method including selecting a first codon of a parent polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide for replacement with a synonymous codon, wherein the synonymous codon is selected on the basis that it exhibits a higher translational efficiency in an epithelial cell of a mammal than the first codon in a comparison of translational efficiencies of codons in test cells of the same type as the epithelial cell; and replacing the first codon with the synonymous codon to construct the synthetic polynucleotide.