Abstract: Devices and methods for conducting lateral flow immunochromatographic assays may be used, in some aspects, to measure the level of glutathione-S-transferase pi in a biological fluid collected from a human subject suspected of having had a stroke in order to determine whether the subject has had a stroke or to aid in the selection and administration of a treatment for the suspected stroke. In other aspects, such devices may be used to diagnose, monitor, and/or treat acute respiratory distress syndromes (ARDS), such as the novel coronavirus designated COVID-19.

Abstract: Tryptophan degradation is a key metabolic pathway controlling immune reactions and evidence suggests that during cancer progression generation of tryptophan metabolites may be fundamental for immune escape promoting the malignant phenotype of cancer cells in an autocrine fashion. The present invention relates to methods of measuring mass tag labelled tryptophan and metabolites thereof and methods using the labelled molecules for monitoring in a subject the effectiveness of a treatment and of disease recurrence after treatment, for stratifying patients and for diagnosing suppression of an immune response in a subject.

Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in aging adults with the number of people living with AD projected to increase, making the search for treatments and tools to diagnose and measure disease progression increasingly urgent. In particular, ideal biomarkers for diagnosis of AD should not only have high specificity for disease versus non-disease and high sensitivity for distinguishing between disease types but also should be able to detect changes at a very early stage of the disease. Using microglia activation as an early event of AD's onset, the present inventors have identified a panel of biomarkers in CSF which has the potential to diagnose, stage and determine the likelihood of developing AD.

Abstract: Tryptophan degradation is a key metabolic pathway controlling immune reactions and evidence suggests that during cancer progression generation of tryptophan metabolites may be fundamental for immune escape promoting the malignant phenotype of cancer cells in an autocrine fashion. The present invention relates to methods of measuring mass tag labelled tryptophan and metabolites thereof and methods using the labelled molecules for monitoring in a subject the effectiveness of a treatment and of disease recurrence after treatment, for stratifying patients and for diagnosing suppression of an immune response in a subject.

Abstract: The invention relates to panels of biomarkers including proteins phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 14A and/or 2?,3?-cyclic-nucleotide 3?-phosphodiesterase and/or phosphorylated tau or fragments thereof and methods using thereof for diagnosing, staging, treating and assessing the response of a treatment for a neurocognitive disorder characterised by tau toxicity, in particular for Alzheimer's disease. The present invention shows that the biomarkers disclosed herein are elevated in the brain of subjects with an advanced stage of a neurocognitive disorder (Braak stage V/VI) and/or are regulated in the CSF of AD subjects in comparison to cognitively affected non-AD controls; and/or regulated in response to two casein kinase 1 delta inhibitors.

Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in aging adults with the number of people living with AD projected to increase, making the search for treatments and tools to diagnose and measure disease progression increasingly urgent. In particular, ideal biomarkers for diagnosis of AD should not only have high specificity for disease versus non-disease and high sensitivity for distinguishing between disease types but also should be able to detect changes at a very early stage of the disease. Using microglia activation as an early event of AD's onset, the present inventors have identified a panel of biomarkers in CSF which has the potential to diagnose, stage and determine the likelihood of developing AD.

Abstract: The invention relates to materials and methods for diagnosing liver tumor types, and assessing patient prognosis. Specifically, but not exclusively, the invention concerns the determination of marker protein which enable primary liver tumors to be identified and classified according to the latest WHO classification. Particularly, the invention provides potential markers proteins which allow non-neoplastic and neoplastic hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells to be distinguished. This allows grading of tumor differentiation to be refined and differential diagnosis of primary liver tumors and pathogenesis of sub-types of cholangiocarcinoma.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for diagnosing or assessing a neurodegenerative disease in a test subject, comprising: (i) providing a protein-containing sample that has been obtained from the test subject; (ii) determining the concentration, amount or degree of expression of at least one specific protein isoform and/or glycoform derived from a protein biomarker selected from the group consisting of: clusterin precursor; apolipoprotein A-IV precursor; apolipoprotein C-III precursor; transthyretin; galectin 7; complement C4 precursor; alpha-2-macroglobulin precursor; Ig alpha-1 chain C; histone 2B; Ig lambda chain C region; fibrinogen gamma chain precursor; complement factor H; inter-alpha-trypsin heavy chain H4 precursor; complement C3 precursor; gamma or beta actin; haptoglobin precursor; and the serum albumin precursor, or a fragment thereof; (iii) comparing said concentration, amount or degree determined in (ii) with a reference from a control subject with a specific neurodegenerative disease, deme

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and compositions relating Alzheimer's disease. There is provided a panel of optimal biomarkers which allow diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and discrimination between Alzheimer's disease and its earlier precursor, mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Abstract: The invention provides a method of diagnosis of a spongiform encephalopathy in a diagnostic sample of a valid body tissue taken from a subject, which comprises detecting an increased proteolytic activity in the diagnostic sample, compared with a sample from a control subject.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polynucleic acid composition comprising or consisting of at least one polynucleic acid containing 8 or more contiguous nucleotides corresponding to a nucleotide sequence from the region spanning positions 417 to 957 of the Core/E1 region of HCV type 3; and/or the region spanning positions 4664 to 4730 of the NS3 region of HCV type 3; and/or the region spanning positions 4892 to 5292 of the NS3/4 region of HCV type 3; and/or the region spanning positions 8023 to 8235 of the NS5 region of the BR36 subgroup of HCV type 3a; and/or the coding region of HCV type 4a starting at nucleotide 379 in the core region; and/or the coding region of HCV type 4; and/or the coding region of HCV type 5, with said nucleotide numbering being with respect to the numbering of HCV nucleic acids as shown in Table 1, and with said polynucleic acids containing at least one nucleotide difference with known HCV type 1, and/or HCV type 2 genomes in the above-indicated regions, or the complement thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of diagnosis of a spongiform encephalopathy in a diagnostic sample of a valid body tissue taken from a subject, which comprises detecting an increased proteolytic activity in the diagnostic sample, compared with a sample from a control subject.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polynucleic acid composition comprising or consisting of at least one polynucleic acid containing 8 or more contiguous nucleotides corresponding to a nucleotide sequence from the region spanning positions 417 to 957 of the Core/E1 region of HCV type 3; and/or the region spanning positions 4664 to 4730 of the NS3 region of HCV type 3; and/or the region spanning positions 4892 to 5292 of the NS3/4 region of HCV type 3; and/or the region spanning positions 8023 to 8235 of the NS5 region of the BR36 subgroup of HCV type 3a; and/or the coding region of HCV type 4a starting at nucleotide 379 in the core region; and/or the coding region of HCV type 4; and/or the coding region of HCV type 5, with said nucleotide numbering being with respect to the numbering of HCV nucleic acids as shown in Table 1, and with said polynucleic acids containing at least one nucleotide difference with known HCV type 1, and/or HCV type 2 genomes in the above-indicated regions, or the complement thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polynucleic acid composition comprising or consisting of at least one polynucleic acid containing 8 or more contiguous nucleotides corresponding to a nucleotide sequence from the region spanning positions 417 to 957 of the Core/E1 region of HCV type 3; and/or the region spanning positions 4664 to 4730 of the NS3 region of HCV type 3; and/or the region spanning positions 4892 to 5292 of the NS3/4 region of HCV type 3; and/or the region spanning positions 8023 to 8235 of the NS5 region of the BR36 subgroup of HCV type 3a; and/or the coding region of HCV type 4a starting at nucleotide 379 in the core region; and/or the coding region of HCV type 4; and/or the coding region of HCV type 5, with said nucleotide numbering being with respect to the numbering of HCV nucleic acids as shown in Table 1, and with said polynucleic acids containing at least one nucleotide difference with known HCV type 1, and/or HCV type 2 genomes in the above-indicated regions, or the complement thereof.

Abstract: Newly elucidated sequences of hepatitis C virus type 4 and type 5 are described, together with those of a newly discovered type 6. Unique type-specific sequences in the NS4, NS5 and core regions enable HCV detection and genotyping into types 1 to 6. Antigenic peptides and immunoassays are described.