Abstract: A medical devices en-vivo positional determination system using a plurality of optical time of flight (TDF) transceivers along with gyroscopic angular and mechanical distance sensors for the determination of absolute linear and angular positional information of the tool bit tip for the purposes of more accurate hand-held drilling or cutting, on the workpiece using forward kinematic equations calculated on a microcomputer to provide a real-time display of the 3-linear position and 2-angular orientation of the tool bit (such as a drill, scalpel, or wire driver).

Abstract: A medical device en-vivo positional determination system using a plurality of ultrasonic transducers for the time-of-flight (TOF) determination of absolute linear and angular positional information of the tool bit tip for the purposes of more accurate hand-held drilling, cutting, etc. on the work piece using digital code modulation schemes and digital signal processing (DSP) to provide a real-time display of the 3-linear position and 2-angular orientation of the tool bit (drill, scalpel).

Abstract: The present invention provides a MEMS sensor guidance system mounted on a surgical instrument and uses the MEMS sensor to determine Inertial Measurement Units to track rotation and acceleration in all three spatial directions. Further the invention provides a method of surgery in which a reference axis, a loci, and a depth are defined and the instrument including the sensor duster of the invention is placed in relation to the y-axis and x-axis and following the working end is aligned and the orientation and depth data display is observed to aid in maintaining the desired instrument.

Abstract: The present invention provides a MEMS sensor guidance system mounted on a surgical instrument and uses the MEMS sensor to determine Inertial Measurement Units to track rotation and acceleration in all three spatial directions. Further the invention provides a method of surgery in which a reference axis, a loci, and a depth are defined and the instrument including the sensor cluster of the invention is placed in relation to the y-axis and x-axis and following the working end is aligned and the orientation and depth data display is observed to aid in maintaining the desired instrument.

Abstract: The present invention provides a MEMS sensor guidance system mounted on a surgical instrument and uses the MEMS sensor to determine Inertial Measurement Units to track rotation and acceleration in all three spatial directions. Further the invention provides a method of surgery in which a reference axis, a loci, and a depth are defined and the instrument including the sensor cluster of the invention is placed in relation to the y-axis and x-axis and following the working end is aligned and the orientation and depth data display is observed to aid in maintaining the desired instrument.