Abstract: Disclosed is a burner for the partial combustion of a solid carbonaceous fuel wherein coal, e.g., finely divided coal, is supplied to a reactor space via a central channel disposed along the longitudinal axis of the burner, and oxygen-containing gas is supplied via an annular channel surrounding said central channel, and heat from the combustion is removed from the hollow front face of the burner by coolant flowed through said front face spirally about the longitudinal axis of the burner.

Abstract: Disclosed is a burner for the partial combustion of a solid carbonaceous fuel wherein coal, e.g., finely divided coal, is supplied to a reactor space via a central channel disposed along the longitudinal axis of the burner, and oxygen-containing gas is supplied via two annular channels surrounding said central channel, and heat from the combustion is removed from the hollow front face of the burner by coolant flowed through said front face spirally about the longitudinal axis of the burner.

Abstract: Container suitable for preheating, retorting and cooling of shale under pressure comprising a vessel (2) and a primary stiffener system comprising side stiffeners (16, 17), a top stiffener (20) and a stiffener connecting system (21), wherein the primary stiffener system (11) prevents excess bending of the walls (3, 4, 7, 8) of the vessel (2), and wherein, when heated, the stiffener connecting system (21) forces the primary stiffener system (11) to give way so as to allow some expansion of the walls of the vessel (2).

Abstract: A process and burner for the partial combustion of a finely divided solid fuel, wherein coal and oxygen is supplied to a reactor space via a central coal passage and a plurality of inwardly inclined oxygen outlet passages supply oxygen. Each oxygen jet is surrounded by a shield of a moderate gas from an annular passage, preventing premature contact of free oxygen with reactor gas and the premature escape of solid fuel, broken-up by the oxygen jet from the break-up zone.

Abstract: A burner for the partial combustion of a finely divided solid fuel, comprising a central channel with a central outlet for free-oxygen containing gas, laterally disposed conduit means for finely divided solid fuel, the conduit means having outlet means whose major axis is positioned to intersect the axis of the central outlet and being asymmetrically arranged with respect to said central outlet. The invention further relates to a process for the partial combustion of a finely divided solid fuel, wherein one or more burners of the above type are applied.

Abstract: A partial combustion process for a particulate solid fuel and a burner for carrying out such a process is disclosed wherein the particulate fuel is injected into a premix chamber along with primary gas streams to support combustion and secondary gas streams to form a shroud of gas around the fuel as the mixture of fuel and gas leaves the pre-mix zone through a converging-diverging nozzle to enter the combustion zone.

Abstract: A process and apparatus, wherein as hot gas from a coal gasifier discharges through a tubular outlet having therein a wall which is permeable throughout its length for the flow of hot gas centrally therethrough, a gas shield is formed along the inner surface of the tubular outlet by passing a coolant through the wall, which gas shield cools the wall and prevents sticky ash particles in the hot gas from hitting the wall. The gas shield also cools the hot gas so that the sticky ash particles lose their stickiness.

Abstract: A process for the cyclic removal of sulphur oxides from gases in which the regeneration offgas containing sulphur oxides is partially combusted to produce a reducing gas and elemental sulphur.