Abstract: The invention discloses a method for producing bio-fuel (BF) from a high-viscosity biomass using thermo-chemical conversion of the biomass in a production line (10) with pumping means (PM), heating means (HM) and cooling means (CM). The method has the steps of 1) operating the pumping means, the heating means and the cooling means so that the production line is under supercritical fluid conditions (SCF) to induce biomass conversion in a conversion zone (CZ) within the production line, and 2) operating the pumping means so that at least part of the production line is in an oscillatory flow (OF) mode. The invention is advantageous for providing an improved method for producing biofuel from a high-viscosity biomass. This is performed by an advantageous combination of two operating modes: supercritical fluid (SCF) conditions and oscillatory flow (OF).

Abstract: Aqueous wastewater from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) systems is typically high in chemical oxygen demand (COD), which renders classic aerobic wastewater treatment to be prohibitively expensive. HTL wastewater can be processed using thermochemical wet oxidation in a manner that is not only cost efficient but also contributes more heat than is required for the energetically demanding HTL process. Provided are methods and devices for integrated hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass and treatment of resulting wastewater.

Abstract: A heat exchanger (10) for a thermochemical biomass converter, the heat exchanger (10) comprises first and second conduits (12a, 12b) that are configured to carry, in use, process medium of the converter, and a heat transfer member (14) that thermally connects the first and second conduits (12a, 12b) to one another to define a heat transfer medium between the conduits (12a, 12b). The thermal expansion coefficient of the first and second conduits (12a, 12b) is matched to the thermal expansion coefficient of the heat transfer member (14) to continually provide thermal connection between the heat transfer member (14) and conduits (12a, 12b) under changing temperature conditions.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an aqueous binder composition for mineral fibers.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for producing oxidized lignins.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an aqueous adhesive composition for lignocellulosic materials.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for producing bio-fuel (BF) from a high-viscosity biomass using thermo-chemical conversion of the biomass in a production line (10) with pumping means (PM), heating means (HM) and cooling means (CM). The method has the steps of 1) operating the pumping means, the heating means and the cooling means so that the production line is under supercritical fluid conditions (SCF) to induce biomass conversion in a conversion zone (CZ) within the production line, and 2) operating the pumping means so that at least part of the production line is in an oscillatory flow (OF) mode. The invention is advantageous for providing an improved method for producing biofuel from a high-viscosity biomass. This is performed by an advantageous combination of two operating modes: supercritical fluid (SCF) conditions and oscillatory flow (OF).

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for producing bio-fuel (BF) from a high-viscosity biomass using thermo-chemical conversion of the biomass in a production line (10) with pumping means (PM), heating means (HM) and cooling means (CM). The method has the steps of 1) operating the pumping means, the heating means and the cooling means so that the production line is under supercritical fluid conditions (SCF) to induce biomass conversion in a conversion zone (CZ) within the production line, and 2) operating the pumping means so that at least part of the production line is in an oscillatory flow (OF) mode. The invention is advantageous for providing an improved method for producing biofuel from a high-viscosity biomass. This is performed by an advantageous combination of two operating modes: supercritical fluid (SCF) conditions and oscillatory flow (OF).

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for producing bio-fuel (BF) from a high-viscosity biomass using thermo-chemical conversion of the biomass in a production line (10) with pumping means (PM), heating means (HM) and cooling means (CM). The method has the steps of 1) operating the pumping means, the heating means and the cooling means so that the production line is under supercritical fluid conditions (SCF) to induce biomass conversion in a conversion zone (CZ) within the production line, and 2) operating the pumping means so that at least part of the production line is in an oscillatory flow (OF) mode. The invention is advantageous for providing an improved method for producing biofuel from a high-viscosity biomass. This is performed by an advantageous combination of two operating modes: supercritical fluid (SCF) conditions and oscillatory flow (OF).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of wastewater treatment in which a filter aid prepared by extrusion of freshly harvested wet lignocellulosic feedstocks or by extrusion of wet lignocellulosic feedstocks having dry matter content 30-75% (w/w) is used to collect sewage sludge and the combined spent filter aid with collected sewage sludge is used for hydrothermal conversion.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for producing bio-fuel (BF) from a high-viscosity biomass using thermo-chemical conversion of the biomass in a production line (10) with pumping means (PM), heating means (HM) and cooling means (CM). The method has the steps of 1) operating the pumping means, the heating means and the cooling means so that the production line is under supercritical fluid conditions (SCF) to induce biomass conversion in a conversion zone (CZ) within the production line, and 2) operating the pumping means so that at least part of the production line is in an oscillatory flow (OF) mode. The invention is advantageous for providing an improved method for producing biofuel from a high-viscosity biomass. This is performed by an advantageous combination of two operating modes: supercritical fluid (SCF) conditions and oscillatory flow (OF).

Abstract: A device for determining at least one substance parameter of a substance flowing in a pipeline, wherein the device includes electromagnetic wave transmitting means and receiving means for transmitting and receiving, respectively, electromagnetic waves through the substance. The device includes an outer metal chamber, which is lined at least partly with an interior layer of electromagnetic wave absorber material, and an inner transfer pipeline element configured with at least two opposed wall segments that are essentially parallel with each other. The electromagnetic wave transmitting means and receiving means includes two antennas, preferably linear polarized antennas, each positioned at a respective one of the at least two opposed wall segments, such that electromagnetic waves pass through the substance flowing via the inner transfer pipeline element in a planar way. A method of determining at least one substance parameter of a substance flowing in a pipeline is disclosed.

Abstract: Hydrothermal pretreatment of mechanically compressed straw in unagitated reactors provides a simple and inexpensive solution to poor C5 monomer yields with autohydrolysis processes. Unlike raw straw, compressed straw pellets or briquettes can be pretreated on commercial scale using unagitated batch reactors or simplified unagitated continuous systems. The chemistry of hydrothermal pretreatment is thereby altered such that loss of C5 sugars to unwanted byproduct reactions is reduced. With compressed straw, water content can be introduced within the reactor while it is pressurized, which reduces energy costs and capital expense. Provided are methods of processing straw feedstocks using semi-continuous or continuous systems and a pretreatment reactor adapted to processes compressed straw with high throughput through a small reactor volume in which water content is added within the reactor under pressure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a spatially encoded polymer matrix in the form of a bead or a granule for combinatorial solid phase synthesis, assaying, functional proteomics and diagnostic use. Compositions of such beads or granules are also provided. Each beaded polymer matrix of the composition comprises a plurality of spatially immobilized particles. The spatial immobilization of the particles confers on each beaded polymer matrix a “fingerprint” which enables identification of unique beads in a population of beads. The unique identification of individual beads makes it possible to perform combinatorial chemistry strategies while logging individual chemical transformation. Also provided are methods for detection of relative positions in space of particles, methods for generating matrices, methods for distance matrix determination, methods for identifying individual matrices and devices for recording and storing images of matrices.

Abstract: The present application discloses a method of modifying a macromolecule, the method comprising the steps of (i) providing the macromolecule; (ii) providing a compound of the general formula (I): wherein N is a primary amino group protected with the protecting group P, wherein the protecting group involves both free valences of the primary amino group; m is an integer of 1-12 and n is an integer of 1-2000; R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-4-alkyl; and X is a reactive group; and (iii) allowing the compound of the general formula (I) to react with the macromolecule so as to form grafts on the macromolecule. Compounds of the general formula (i) and a method for the preparation thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for analysing beads and particles, such as polymer beads used e.g. for solid phase synthesis. The apparatus comprises a) a vacuum container comprising at least one planar capture body capable of rotating around a central axis, wherein said capture body comprises a plurality of through-going inlets, and wherein the diameter of each inlet is smaller than the average diameter of the beads to be measured and/or analysed and/or sorted, b) a pressure controlling device capable of controlling the pressure in the vacuum container, c) a device for rotating the vacuum container around the axis of the capture body, and d) a device for measuring at least one property of at least one bead, the apparatus further comprising a capture body support, supporting the capture body, and a vacuum container housing.

Abstract: The present invention is related to methods for the identification of spatially encoded beaded or granulated matrices comprising a plurality of immobilised particles. The identification is based on a distance matrix determination or based on a set of geometrical figures, such a triangles, on the basis of which individual matrices can be determined.

Abstract: The present application discloses a method of modifying a macromolecule, the method comprising the steps of (i) providing the macromolecule; (ii) providing a compound of the general formula (I): wherein N is a primary amino group protected with the protecting group P, wherein the protecting group involves both free valences of the primary amino group; m is an integer of 1-12 and n is an integer of 1-2000; R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-4-alkyl; and X is a reactive group; and (iii) allowing the compound of the general formula (I) to react with the macromolecule so as to form grafts on the macromolecule. Compounds of the general formula (i) and a method for the preparation thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for analysing beads and particles, such as polymer beads used e.g. for solid phase synthesis. The apparatus in one embodiment comprises a rotatable, circular disc comprising a plurality of through-going inlets, wherein an individual bead from a composition comprising different beads can be fixed to the disc at the end-position of a through-going inlet by applying a pressure drop over said disc comprising said through-going inlets. The pressure drop results in beads being sucked (i.e. detachably fixed) onto the disc on top of the through-going inlets. When the disc is rotated the beads are transferred from the position where they initially became attached to the disc to fixed positions wherein suitable devices for measuring and/or analysing and/or sorting the beads can be operated in order to e.g. measure and/or analyse and/or sort at least one bead of a plurality of beads.

Abstract: A method of providing at least part of a diaphragm and at least a part of a back-plate of a condenser microphone with a hydrophobic layer so as to avoid stiction between said diaphragm and said back-plate. The layer is deposited via a number small of openings in the back-plate, the diaphragm and/or between the diaphragm and the back-plate. Provides a homogeneous and structured hydrophobic layer, even to small internal cavities of the microstructure. The layer may be deposited by a liquid phase or a vapor phase deposition method. The method may be applied naturally in continuation of the normal manufacturing process. Further, a MEMS condenser microphone is provided having such a hydrophobic layer. The static distance between the diaphragm and the back-plate of the microphone is smaller than 10 ?m.