Abstract: The WTRU may use the reference signals received during a look-ahead window to determine a CSI prediction accuracy (?) by computing the relative difference between the measured CSI and the predicted CSI with respect to received CSI-RSs. The WTRU compares the current measured CSI prediction accuracy in the look-ahead window i to a configured prediction accuracy threshold to determine the preferred number of CSI-RS K(i+1) to receive in the next look-ahead window i+1. If the determined accuracy is high, relative to a minimum threshold, the number of CSI-RS transmissions may be reduced in the next look-ahead window. If the determined prediction accuracy is low, relative to the minimum threshold, the WTRU may request an increased number reference signals for the next look-ahead window for improving the accuracy of prediction in the next, or set, of look-ahead window(s). Updated predicted CSI and accuracies may be reported to the gNB.

Abstract: A WTRU receives, configuration information including: a set of reference signals (RSs) for channel state information (CSI) prediction; one or more CSI prediction parameters including a set of lengths (L) and resources of one or more prediction windows; one or more prediction accuracy thresholds; and one or more sets of resources for CSI reporting. The WTRU receives and measures RSs associated with the configured set of RSs and determines predicted CSI values for resources of one or more configured prediction windows and determines preferred CSI prediction parameters as a function of measurements of the received RSs and configured prediction accuracy threshold(s). The WTRU reports, to the base station, using the configured one or more sets of resources for CSI reporting, the determined preferred CSI prediction parameters and the determined predicted CSI values for one or more subsequent prediction windows. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products are provided for adaptive measurement time windows for sensing. Wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) methods and systems include performing first sensing measurements of a sensing target during a first measurement time window. The methods and systems further include determining a length mismatch corresponding to dwelling time information associated with the sensing target and based on the first sensing measurements, determining a second measurement time window based on the length mismatch, and performing second sensing measurements of the sensing target during the second measurement time window.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to selecting, by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), one or more reference signal (RS) configurations for incremental channel state information (CSI) estimation. A WTRU may receive, from a wireless network entity, first configuration information for performing task measurements and for determining incremental CSI. The WTRU may receive a first RS. The WTRU may perform task measurements based on the first RS and on first configuration information. The WTRU may determine incremental CSI based on the first RS and on first configuration information, wherein the incremental CSI comprises long-term and short-term magnitude information. The WTRU may determine one or more RS configurations to recommend to the wireless network entity for incremental CSI estimation based on the incremental CSI. The WTRU may transmit, to the wireless network entity, information indicative of the one or more RS configurations to recommend to the wireless network entity for incremental CSI estimation.

Abstract: Methods and devices are provided for sensing-assisted positioning. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) receives configuration information from a wireless network to assist in a positioning operation. The WTRU performs positioning measurements and identifies events that trigger sensing-related actions. Upon detecting such an event, the WTRU executes these actions and conducts additional positioning measurements. Events triggering these actions can include changes in measurements, error types, or mobility of the WTRU. The configuration information may include details like target identifiers and positioning information. The WTRU can also transmit assistance information to the network and receive updates, repeating the process until a termination event is detected. Sensing-related actions may involve improving line of sight detection, clutter removal, and performing sensing measurements.

Abstract: Methods and devices are provided for positioning-assisted sensing. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) receives configuration information from a wireless network to assist in a sensing operation. The WTRU performs sensing measurements and identifies events that trigger positioning-related actions. Upon detecting such an event, the WTRU executes these actions and conducts additional sensing measurements. Events triggering these actions can include changes in measurements, error types, or mobility of the WTRU. The configuration information may include details like sensing target identifiers and positioning information. The WTRU can also transmit assistance information to the network and receive updates, repeating the process until a termination event is detected. Positioning-related actions may involve performing positioning measurements, indicating positioning methods, or applying enhancements like carrier phased positioning.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is configured to receive configuration information from a network node for the alignment of one or more compressed channel state information (CSI) quantizers at the WTRU and the network node. The configuration information may indicate a plurality of CSI quantization settings and/or criteria for selecting from the plurality of CSI quantization settings. The WTRU may perform one or more CSI measurements on one or more reference signals. The WTRU may encode the one or more CSI measurements. The WTRU may select a CSI quantization setting of the plurality of quantization settings based on the criteria indicated in the configuration information. The WTRU may quantize the encoded one or more CSI measurements using the selected CSI quantization setting. The WTRU may send a feedback report comprising the quantized one or more CSI measurements and/or an indication of the selected CSI quantization setting to the network node.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) from a transmitter (e.g., via a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)). The transmitter may be associated with the RIS. The WTRU may determine, based on the CSI-RS, channel information (e.g., channel vector information) associated with a first subset of elements of the RIS. The WTRU may determine, based on the channel information associated with the first subset of elements of the RIS, channel information (e.g., channel vector information) associated with a second subset of elements of the RIS. The WTRU may generate a CSI reporting parameter based on the channel information associated with the second subset of elements of the RIS. The WTRU may send the CSI reporting parameter. The WTRU may generate the CSI reporting parameter using a channel matrix associated with the RIS. The CSI reporting parameter may be a virtual CSI reporting parameter.

Abstract: A method is performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) for a sensing task. The WTRU receives a configuration from a network. The configuration includes a configured measurement of a target object. The WTRU receives a reference signal and determines an observed measurement of the reference signal. By comparing the configured and observed measurements, the WTRU detects any mismatches and controls bandwidth aggregation accordingly. The method includes transmitting a report to the network indicating a mismatch detection event. The configuration may involve various triggers for adjusting bandwidth aggregation and measurement search windows. These triggers can be event-based, time-based, location-based, mobility-based, or quality of service-based. The method also involves comparing measurements at specific times or angles of arrival and adjusting based on preconfigured thresholds. Subsequent reference signals are used to confirm true match detection events, which can deactivate bandwidth aggregation.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products are provided for integrated sensing and communications. Wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) methods and systems include receiving, from a wireless network, a sensing configuration for performing a sensing measurement task and an error configuration comprising an event trigger corresponding to the sensing configuration. The methods and system further include determining that the event trigger is satisfied and selecting, based on the event trigger, an error handling procedure from the error configuration.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). A WTRU sends a capabilities message to a wireless network, receives configuration information for a localization or sensing task, wherein the configuration information comprises a reference signal (RS) reporting trigger, performs a first localization or sensing measurement of a first received RS based on the configuration information, determines whether the RS reporting trigger is satisfied based on the first measurement, reports, based on the RS reporting trigger being satisfied, one or more preferred characteristics of a second RS based on the first localization or sensing measurement to the network, receives an indication to perform a second localization or sensing measurement of a second received RS and performs a second localization or sensing measurement of the second received RS, reports the second localization or sensing measurement and an uncertainty value associated with the second localization or sensing measurement.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for configuring, selecting, and/or feeding back data-driven UE-specific RS are provided. One method may include a WTRU determining and/or indicating, to a network element (e.g., gNB), data-driven UE-specific RS related information, such as bundling type, RS pattern, RS position, RS density, RS signaling feedback overhead, and/or performance requirements.

Abstract: The disclosure pertains to methods and apparatus for reporting channel state information (CSI) feedback in wireless telecommunication networks. In an example, a method implemented in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may include receiving configuration information indicating a channel rank threshold, determining a channel rank associated with a channel measurement, selecting a type of CSI compression based on the channel rank and the channel rank threshold, and transmitting CSI and information indicating the selected type of CSI compression, and the CSI is associated with the channel measurement and was compressed using the selected type of CSI compression.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products are provided for object detection over a wireless network. A method performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) includes receiving, from a wireless network, a configuration that includes a configured target profile for a target and information indicative of an identification of the target, wherein the configured target profile comprises a radar cross section profile associated with the target; receiving at least one signal from the wireless network; generating a measured profile based on the at least one signal; determining that the at least one signal was reflected by the target based at least in part on the information indicative of the identification of the target and a comparison between the configured target profile and the measured profile; and performing sensing measurements associated with the target using the at least one signal based at least in part on the determination.

Abstract: Described herein are systems, methods and instrumentalities associated with a wireless communication network comprising a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) in such a communication network may receive measurement configuration information that may indicate at least a first measurement resource and a second measurement resource. The first measurement resource may be associated with a first transmission path associated with a first subset of elements of the RIS, while the second measurement resource may be associated with a second transmission path independent of the RIS. The WTRU may perform measurements based on the measurement configuration information, and may transmit a report regarding at least one of the measurements to the network.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products directed to data-driven channel state information (CSI) prediction in wireless systems are disclosed. In an embodiment, an apparatus may be configured to receive, from a network node, a plurality of reference signals transmitted during a time window; determine, based on a trained artificial intelligence (AI) model, a plurality of channel state information (CSI) associated with the plurality of reference signals; generate a report comprising the plurality of CSI; and/or transmit the report to the network node.

Abstract: A WTRU may detect a reflected SSB transmission from a RIS. The reflected SSB is associated with an index. The WTRU may determine a source device of the reflected SSB transmission based on the index. For example, the WTRU may determine that the reflected SSB transmission was reflected by the RIS based on the index associated with the RIS. The WTRU may perform a random access procedure with a network device via the RIS based on the index. The SSB transmission may be associated with an SSB burst transmission comprising a plurality of SSB transmissions, where each of the plurality of SSB transmissions may be associated with the index. The plurality of SSB transmissions may comprise SSB transmissions reflected by the RIS and/or SSB transmissions not reflected by the RIS. The spatial state of the RIS may be maintained constant and/or may change during the SSB burst transmission.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed herein for pre-processing for channel state information (CSI) compression in wireless system. A WTRU may receive configuration information that indicates a reference signal and a data processing model for channel state information (CSI) compression. The WTRU may determine CSI associated with a channel using the reference signal. The WTRU may determine a channel condition associated with pre-processing. The WTRU may select a pre-processing type from a plurality of pre-processing types based on the data processing model and the determined channel condition associated with pre-processing. The WTRU may pre-process the CSI associated with the channel based on the selected pre-processing type. The WTRU may generate compressed CSI by compressing the pre-processed CSI using the data processing model for CSI compression. The WTRU may send the compressed CSI to a network.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for controlling a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) to generate one or more modulated symbols may be described herein. The processor may be configured to generate an amplitude of the modulated symbol(s) by activating one or more of the plurality of portions of the RIS. The processor may be configured to generate a phase of modulated symbol(s) by controlling one or more phase shifts applied by one or more activated portions of the RIS. The method may include transmitting the one or more modulated symbols using the RIS. The method may include a RIS-based joint beamforming and/or modulation scheme with low PAPR. The RIS may be divided into one or more portions for attaining various gains. The RIS may be divided into an In-phase and/or Quadrature branches. The method may include an Amplitude-phase shift keying (A-PSK) and/or Quadrature amplitude-phase shift keying (AQ-PSK) joint beamforming and/or modulation scheme(s).

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products directed to adaptive reference signal configuration are described. A method for adapting a reference signal configuration may be implemented in a WTRU. For example, the WTRU may receive a transmission e.g., from a base station according to one or more first reference signal configurations. For example, a channel estimation measurement may be performed for the received transmission based on the indicated one or more first reference signal configurations. For example, one or more second reference signal configurations (e.g., to be used for a subsequent transmission) may be selected from a plurality of reference signal configurations based on the channel estimation measurement. For example, an indication of the selected one or more second reference signal configuration may be transmitted (e.g., to the base station).