Abstract: A core network aggregates control information and generates forwarding information at a route controller distinct from each of a plurality of provider edge (PE) routers along the edge of the core network. A network controller generates forwarding state indicative of a next hop router along the edge. Message traffic traversing the core identifies a destination PE, or exit interface, router from forwarding state pushed to the PE routers by the network controller. Aggregation of the forwarding information at the router controller and generating the forwarding state at the network controller removes control plane from the edge (PE) routers of the core to eliminate the need for BGP at the edge routers and provide a BGP free edge. This simplifies the edge architecture as well as directly accelerates the new service delivery by any given autonomous system.

Abstract: A program and data corresponding to a flash memory which is to be the target of overwriting are read from a storage medium such as a PC card 2, and the flash memory is overwritten using a multi-read only memory (ROM) writer by executing the program which was read. The multi-ROM writer is capable of overwriting different types of flash memories.

Abstract: A program and data corresponding to a flash memory which is to be the target of overwriting are read from a storage medium such as a PC card 2, and the flash memory is overwritten by executing the program which was read.

Abstract: An apparatus for identifying a paper currency. Before the front end of the currency is detected by optical sensors, the output signal (DATA1) from the optical sensors is stored in a first storage device. When the rear end of the currency subsequently passes across the sensors and the currency is no longer detected by the sensors, the output signal (DATA3) from the sensors is stored in a second storage device. If any currency-withdrawing device such as cord or tape is not attached to the currency, the DATA1 is equal to the DATA3 because these two kinds of data indicate the state in which nothing is present in the currency conveyance passageway. If such a currency-withdrawing device is attached to the currency, light from light-emitting devices is blocked or reflected by the cord or tape, thus varying the DATA3. However, the DATA1 is not affected. As a result, the DATA1 becomes unequal to the DATA3.

Abstract: There is provided a method and apparatus for discriminating between true and false coins wherein a coin satisfying both the electrical success conditions at their lowest levels is regarded as a false coin, and a coin satisfying at least one of the two electrical success conditions at a high level is regarded as a true coin.According to the method discriminating apparatus is mounted relative to a predetermined passage along which a coin or the like to be discriminated passes, wherein true/false discrimination is carried out in accordance with whether or not the two or three different data detected from the coin and developed on a two- or three-dimensional coordinate system falls within a predetermined two- or three-dimensional function closed area.

Abstract: A coin processing apparatus arranged to automatically execute a cancellation process for canceling acceptance of an inserted coin by detecting, on the basis of output levels of receiving coils in a plurality of sets of coin selecting coils disposed on a coin path, a fact that the inserted coin has been guided into a return path through the operation of a return lever, and also to judge the occurrence of coin jamming and coin counter-flow on the basis of the output levels of the receiving coils. The output level of the receiving coil in each of the plurality of sets of coin selecting coils is monitored so as to carry out the automatic cancellation process in case the output levels of the respective receiving coils concurrently exceed a predetermined threshold level and persist longer than a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: A coin selector comprises a first receiving coil and a first exciting coil disposed along one side of a coin path, a second receiving coil and a second exciting coil disposed along the other side of the coin path facing the first receiving coil and the first exciting coil, and drive devices for exciting and driving the first and second exciting coils. A magnetic field developed by the first exciting coil acts on the first and second receiving coils and a magnetic field developed by the second excitign coil acts on the second and first receiving coils. The coin selector further comprises judging devices. When a coin is put into and passes through the coin path, the magnetic fields presented to the first and second receiving coils change and consequence a change in the output voltages of these coils. The judging devices judge the coin passing through the coin path on the basis of the sum of the output signals of the first and second receiving coils.

Abstract: A coin to be judged is passed near an oscillation coil excited by an exciting signal containing a plurality of harmonic components, that is nonsinusoidal alternating current, and the coin is sorted in accordance with a signal produced by a receiving coil electromagnetically coupled with the oscillation coil and containing at least two harmonic components. The signal induced in the receiving coil may be a composite signal of at least two harmonic components. This signal may consist of a first signal of a composite of at least two harmonic components and a second signal of a composite of at least two other harmonic components.