Abstract: A hydrogen using system for installation in a vehicle has a methanol tank that stores methanol as a source material of hydrogen, which is a fuel of the hydrogen using system, a water tank that stores water, a methanol reformer that produces a hydrogen fuel from methanol and water, a first electromagnetic valve provided in a first channel connecting the methanol tank to the reformer, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack that generates power from the hydrogen fuel supplied from the reformer, a second electromagnetic valve provided in a second channel connecting the reformer to the fuel cell stack, an electronic control unit that controls various portions of the hydrogen using system, etc. When an impact occurs on the vehicle, the electronic control unit shuts the first channel and the second channel by forcibly closing the first and second electromagnetic valves based on a detection signal from the impact sensor.

Abstract: An air-amount-first fuel-amount-second control apparatus for an internal combustion engine having an electronically-controlled throttle valve. The response characteristic of the throttle valve is stored, a target value of the throttle valve opening degree corresponding to the operating position of the accelerator pedal is calculated, the intake air valve closing time of the fuel injection cylinder is calculated in accordance with the engine operating condition, the time required for reaching a target throttle valve opening degree is calculated from the target throttle valve opening degree and the stored value of the response characteristic of the throttle valve, the throttle valve opening degree as of the intake air valve closing time is calculated from the calculated time required for reaching the target throttle valve opening degree and the intake air valve closing time of the fuel injection cylinder.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling an internal combustion engine having an electrically heated catalyst heats the catalyst with sufficient power without fluctuating the rotation speed of the engine. The apparatus has an alternator 2 driven by the engine 1, an intake controller 3 disposed in an intake system of the engine 1, to change the quantity of intake air, a battery 8 charged by the alternator 2, the catalyst 4 disposed in an exhaust system of the engine 1 and powered by the battery 8 and alternator 2, and a regulator 7 for changing the field current of the alternator 2, to change power to be generated by the alternator 2. When activating the catalyst 4, the intake controller 3 increases the quantity of intake air, and the regulator 7 increases power to be generated by the alternator 2. Increasing the field current of the alternator 2 is delayed behind increasing the quantity of intake air.

Abstract: A throttle control apparatus includes a throttle opening adjusting device for regulating the throttle valve opening in such a manner that the throttle valve is located in a first position for assuring sufficient opening of the throttle valve upon ignition, with the throttle valve being rotatable after establishment of ignition or combustion. The throttle valve is then moved to a second position located between the first position and a fully closed position upon an electric failure.

Abstract: A liquid mixing ratio detecting apparatus is designed so that an oscillation voltage generated by an oscillation unit is applied to one of a differentiating circuit and an integrating circuit, which is constituted by a combination of a capacitor composed of a pair of opposite electrodes for detecting a mixing ratio of a mixed liquid and a resistor, and a mixing ratio detecting unit produces a signal relating to an inclination rate of one of a differential waveform signal and an integration waveform signal, which is generated by one of the differentiating circuit and the integrating circuit, respectively, thereby obtaining a signal representing the mixing ratio of the mixed liquid on the basis of the produced signal relating to the inclination rate of the waveform signal.