Abstract: Efficient and reproducible production of a copolymer for lithography, which has stable quality, with little lot-to-lot variations, and is suited for film-forming and coating compositions. Radical polymerization of a monomer, which contains at least one ethylenic double bond, with an initiator, in a solvent, and purification of the reaction mixture by precipitation and filtration, in a hermetically-closable single vessel divided by a filter medium, into a first section provided with fluid feeding means and agitating means, and a second section with fluid drawing means. Feeding the reaction mixture from the fluid feeding means into the first section of the vessel, containing a poor solvent, and contacting the reaction mixture with the poor solvent to precipitate a solid; and filtering the resulting fluid, containing the precipitated solid, through the filter medium, drawing the resultant filtrate through the fluid drawing means, and then separating the precipitated solid.

Abstract: Solving problems in the prior art, provided are a resist polymer which is small in lot-to-lot, reactor-to-reactor and scale-to-scale variations, and contains no high polymer, is excellent in solubility and storage stability, and is suitable for fine pattern formation, and a method for production thereof. The present invention provides the resist polymer at least having a repeating unit having a structure which is decomposed by an acid to become soluble in an alkali developer and a repeating unit having a polar group to enhance adhesion to a substrate, characterized in that a peak area of a high molecular weight component (high polymer) with molecular weight of 100,000 or more is 0.1% or less based on an entire peak area in a molecular weight distribution determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).

Abstract: A disc-positioning mechanism of a car-mounted disc player includes drive chassis having at least a turntable and a pickup; a clamper-supporting member movable so as to come close to or detach away from the drive chassis; a clamper rotatably supported on the clamper-supporting member and being able to clamp a disc between the clamper and the turntable; and at least one positioning member abutting against the outer periphery of a disc inserted from a slot of the disc player so as to position the disc with respect to the turntable. The positioning member includes an abutment abutting against the outer periphery of the disc and a regulatory portion extending farther toward the slot than the abutment and is supported on either one component of the drive chassis and the clamper-supporting member, and the regulatory portion abuts against the other component.

Abstract: A receiving apparatus includes a base-band conversion circuit, a synchronizing circuit/code generator and a demodulator. The base-band conversion circuit converts a received signal into a base-band signal. The synchronizing circuit/code generator detects a spread code included in the received signal to generate a plurality of spread codes in synchronization with the spread code included in the received signal. The demodulator uses the plurality of spread codes supplied by the synchronizing circuit/code generator to demodulate the base-band signal.

Abstract: A purified enzyme-I is obtained that participates in C-terminal amidation by acting on a peptide C-terminal glycine adduct to form a peptide C-terminal .alpha.-hydroxyglycine adduct. The enzyme has an optimum pH of about 5 to 7, an optimum temperature of 25 to 40.degree. C. and a molecular weight of about 25 kDa or about 36 kDa, and metal ions and ascorbic acid act as a cofactor. A purified enzyme-II is obtained that participates in C-terminal amidation by acting on the peptide C-terminal .alpha.-hydroxyglycine adduct to produce a C-terminal amidated compound. The enzyme has an optimum pH of about 5 to 6, an optimum temperature of 15 to 35.degree. C. and a molecular weight of about 40 kDa or about 43 kDa. Enzyme-I does not act on the peptide C-terminal .alpha.-hydroxyglycine adduct and enzyme-II does not act on the peptide C-terminal glycine adduct. The enzymes may be purified from a biological material such as horse serum by affinity chromatography using a peptide C-terminal glycine adduct as a ligand.

Abstract: A multiple communicating apparatus has a multiple communicating unit for communicating data through a plurality of channels and a control circuit for controlling the multiple communicating unit in a manner such that the transmission electric power of each channel is inversely proportional to the number of channels which are used by the multiple communicating unit. The control circuit includes a channel control circuit for controlling the number of channels which are used by the multiple communicating unit in accordance with a transmission speed. The multiple communicating unit includes a diffusion circuit for diffusing parallel data by a plurality of diffusion code series. The multiple communicating unit transmits a multiple number for a preamble period of time provided for the reception side to synchronize the plurality of code series which are used for a code division multiple with the transmission side.

Abstract: A purified enzyme-I is obtained that participates in C-terminal amidation by acting on a peptide C-terminal glycine adduct to form a peptide C-terminal .alpha.-hydroxyglycine adduct. The enzyme has an optimum pH of about 5 to 7, an optimum temperature of 25.degree. to 40.degree. C. and a molecular weight of about 25 kDa or about 36 kDa, and metal ions and ascorbic acid act as a cofactor. A purified enzyme-II is obtained that participates in C-terminal amidation by acting on a peptide C-terminal .alpha.-hydroxyglycine adduct to produce a C-terminal amidated compound. The enzyme has an optimum pH of about 5 to 6, an optimum temperature of 15.degree. to 35.degree. C. and a molecular weight of about 40 kDa or about 43 kDa. Enzyme-I does not act on the peptide C-terminal .alpha.-hydroxyglycine adduct and enzyme-II does not act on the peptide C-terminal glycine adduct.

Abstract: A receiving apparatus includes a base-band conversion circuit, a synchronizing circuit/code generator and a demodulator. The base-band conversion circuit converts a received signal into a base-band signal. The synchronizing circuit/code generator detects a spread code included in the received signal to generate a plurality of spread codes in synchronization with the spread code included in the received signal. The demodulator uses the plurality of spread codes supplied by the synchronizing circuit/code generator to demodulate the base-band signal.

Abstract: Digital data for generating a signal having a prescribed waveform is stored beforehand in the memory on the transmitting side of a communication system. The prescribed waveform is one obtained by combining signals having mutually different frequencies corresponding to the digits of a spread-spectrum code comprising a plurality of digits. When transmission data is inputted, the system generates, for every bit of data, a signal waveform corresponding to the value of the bit, based upon the data stored in the memory. The generated signal is a signal which has undergone spreading. This signal is placed upon a carrier wave and then sent to a transmission line. Like the transmitting side, the receiving side possesses digital data for generating a signal having a prescribed waveform. When a signal is received, the system generates a signal based upon the data possessed, multiplies this by the received signal and effects a conversion into a signal having an intermediate frequency.

Abstract: A spread spectrum communication apparatus, which can convert a specific pattern into a pattern whose spectrum becomes uniform even if the specific pattern is input, comprises process means for processing parallel data using a plurality of spread codes, and communication means, connected to said process means, for communicating the parallel data processed by the plurality of spread codes, whereby transfer quality can be improved.

Abstract: A spread spectrum receiving apparatus comprises: a reproducing circuit to reproduce a carrier signal from a reception signal and a diffusion code; a demodulation circuit to demodulate the reception signal into a base band signal on the basis of the carrier signal reproduced by the reproducing circuit; and a judgment circuit to judge the reception data from the base band signal from the demodulation circuit. The reproducing circuit has an operation circuit to arithmetically operate the reception signal and the diffusion code and a detection circuit to detect a difference between the phases of an output of the operation circuit and an output of an oscillator. The oscillator oscillates at a carrier frequency in accordance with a phase difference detected by the detecting circuit.

Abstract: A diffusion code generating method for a code division multiplex communication by a spread spectrum system is provided. A receiving apparatus according to the above method receives the signal which was multiplexed by using a plurality of sets of diffusion codes and comprises: a generator to generate a sync code and a plurality of sets of diffusion codes other than the sync code; a correlator to obtain a correlation between a reception signal and the sync code generated from the generator; and a receiver to receive the reception signal on the basis of the plurality of sets of diffusion codes generated from the generator. The generator generates the sync code in a manner such that the cross-correlation values are set to very small values at positions near a code sync point or are enough smaller than the autocorrelation peak of the sync code or are set to very small values at both of or either one of the positions before and after the code sync point.

Abstract: There is disclosed a wireless communication apparatus for constituting a multi-station communication system, capable of preventing the interference to other communications and the deterioration in the quality of channel. The apparatus has a receiving unit and a transmitting unit, and prohibits the transmission by the transmitting unit according to the magnitude of the received output of the receiving unit.

Abstract: A spectrum diffusion communication receiving apparatus includes a first generating unit for generating a reference code, a second generating unit for generating a reference signal in synchronism with the reference code, a correlating unit for obtaining a correlation between a received signal and the reference code, and a decoding for decoding the received signal in accordance with the reference signal and a correlation output from the correlating unit.

Abstract: A spread communication system comprising a receiver, a diffusion convertor for converting a signal from the receiver, a control signal generator for generating a control signal representing an output level of the diffusion convertor, another diffusion convertor for converting data to be transmitted, a transmitter for transmitting data from the another diffusion convertor and a transmission controller for controlling a transmission level of the transmitter in accordance with the control signal from the control signal generator.

Abstract: In order to eliminate the need for spread-spectrum code synchronization, a code divided into a suitable number of digits is applied to a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter multiplies an original signal by each subdivision of the code to produce n-number of new baseband signals. Carrier waves having n-types of frequencies are modulated by these signals and the modulated signals are added to obtain an ultra-wide band signal, which is then transmitted to the receiver. The receiver separates the received signal into the narrow band components which prevailed prior to the adding operation in the transmitter, and then demodulates each component into a baseband signal. Each of these demodulated signals is multiplied by a code the same as that on the transmitting side, whereby n-number of original signals are obtained. Original signals obtained from a signal spread by a code different from that of the receiver are not n in number.

Abstract: A spread communication system comprising a receiver, a diffusion convertor for converting a signal from the receiver, a control signal generator for generating a control signal representing an output level of the diffusion convertor, another diffusion converter for converting data to be transmitted, a transmitter for transmitting data from the another diffusion convertor and a transmission controller for controlling a transmission level of the transmitter in accordance with the control signal from the control signal generator.

Abstract: A sapphire wafer-grinding method which can minimize the warp of a plane ground sapphire wafer. A sapphire wafer used with a semiconductor device is so fabricated that its surface is constituted by an R plane {1102}. A plurality of C planes or atomic net planes (0001) extend in parallel crosswise of the sapphire wafer at an inclination angle of about 57.6.degree. to the surface or R plane {1102} of the sapphire wafer. The particles of a rotating grindstone are moved in the normal inclination direction of the C planes (0001) of the sapphire wafer to grind the surface or R plane {1102} of the sapphire wafer. The normal inclination direction of the C planes (0001) of the sapphire wafer includes the directions which are deflected on the R plane from the projection of the C axis [0001] of the sapphire wafer to an extent of .+-.35.degree..

Abstract: Despite the short lifetime of excited plasma gas, a very large number of wafers can be uniformly gas phase treated in the plasma state by using a single high frequency power supply coil or capacitor, not only for exciting reaction gas passing near the wafers in a reaction tube but also for heating radiators, surrounding the substrates, which heat the wafers.