Abstract: An apparatus for smelting reduction comprising a preheat and prereduction furnace for preheating and prereducing iron ores; a smelting reduction furnace into which iron ores, carbonaceous material and fluxing material are charged and in which the iron ores are smelted and reduced; a top-blow oxygen lance through which oxygen gas is blown into the smelting reduction furnace, having decarbonizing nozzles and post combustion nozzles; and the smelting reduction furnace having bottom and side tuyeres built respectively in a side wall and a bottom thereof.

Abstract: A method for smelting and reducing iron ores comprises the steps of: the step of preheating and prereducing iron ores; the step of charging the preheated and prereduced iron ores into a smelting reduction furnace; the step of charging carbonaceous material and fluxing material into the smelting reduction furnace; the step of blowing in oxygen gas into the smelting reduction furnace through a top-blow oxygen lance having decarbonizing nozzles and post combustion nozzles; and the step of blowing in stirring gas through side and bottom tuyeres set respectively in a side wall and a bottom of the smelting reduction furnace.

Abstract: A thin-film dielectric comprising a conductive substrate having formed thereon a thin layer of lead titanate (PT), lead titanate zirconate (PZT), third components type lead titanate zirconate prepared by adding an ingredient represented by the formula Pb(M'.sub.1/3 M".sub.2/3)O.sub.3 (wherein M' represents a divalent transition metal, and M" represents Ta or Nb), as a third component to lead titanate zirconate (PZT) to form a solid solution, or lanthanum-containing lead titanate zirconate (PLZT). The total film thickness of the dielectric composition is 0.1 to 100 .mu.m.The thin-film dielectric is produced by coating the substrate with an organic solvent solution of .beta.