Abstract: In an image forming apparatus using a cleaner/toner magazine (CTM) which has a waste toner tank and a fresh toner tank formed integrally with each other, a cleaning device has a cleaning blade which scrapes off toner left on a photoconductive element with an edge thereof. The toner removed by the cleaning blade is magnetically deposited on a rotatable magnet member whose outer periphery is magnetized. A scraper member contacts the magnet member in the waste toner tank and scrapes off the toner from the magnet member which is in rotation. As a result, the toner is collected in a collection space defined in the waste toner tank.

Abstract: In a non-volatile semiconductor memory device having a writing power source voltage which is supplied thereto exceeding a withstand voltage of a field effect transistor, the object of the present invention is to reduce the number of kinds of field effect transistors constituting the non-volatile semiconductor memory device thereby reducing manufacturing cost. In a non-volatile semiconductor memory device which has a writing circuit 125 for controlling a connection of a writing load to a bit line designated by an output of a column decoder 117 in accordance with a signal of a writing data line 114, and a bias circuit 118 for outputting a bias voltage to set a cell writing voltage of a memory cell array by reducing the writing power source voltage.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus using a cleaner/toner magazine (CTM) which has a waste toner tank and a fresh toner tank formed integrally with each other, a cleaning device has a cleaning blade which scrapes off toner left on a photoconductive element with an edge thereof. The toner removed by the cleaning blade is magnetically deposited on a rotatable magnet member whose outer periphery is magnetized. A scraper member contacts the magnet member in the waste toner tank and scrapes off the toner from the magnet member which is in rotation. As a result, the toner is collected in a collection space defined in the waste toner tank. A shutter can also be provided to prevent toner from flying about via an opening of the collection space. Such a shutter may include a shutter body, a lever operatively connected to the shutter body, and a spring biasing the lever in a direction in which the shutter body closes.