Abstract: This invention provides glycoside polymers or glycosides which are useful as a material for functional foods, biodegradable fibers or medicaments, said glycoside polymers being produced efficiently by subjecting a compound of the formula (1): wherein R1 is —OH, R2 is —OH or —NHCOCH3, R3 is —CH2OH, —COOH or —CH3, to a melt polymerization or a solution polymerization in the presence of a solid superacid, and said glycosides being produced by reacting the compound (1) with a saturated or unsaturated alcohol in the presence of a solid superacid.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved method for assessing, monitoring and/or determining the phenotype of cells and tissues. One aspect of the present invention is a method of fabricating phenotype specific gene (PSGs) and house keeping gene (HKGs) targets onto a microarray. Another aspect of the present invention provides a composition containing PSGs and HKGs as targets for high throughput assays including microarray analyses. Another aspect of the present invention is accessing, monitoring and/or determining the phenotype of tissue engineered cells derived from stem cells including embryonic stem cells, embryonic germ cells, fetal stem cells and adult stem cells by hybridizing cDNA probes to either PSG or HKG targets. These methods employ at least 25 PSG targets and no greater than 5000 HKG targets.

Abstract: A method for producing glycoconjugate, which comprises the steps of:(i) binding a sugar residue to the side chain of a water-soluble polymer via a linker having a selectively cleavable linkage to give a primer, and bringing said primer into contact with an immobilized glycosyltransferase in the presence of a sugar nucleotide, to transfer a sugar residue of said sugar nucleotide to the sugar residue of said primer,(ii) elongating a sugar chain by transfer of plural sugar residues by repeating the step (i) at least once,(iii) removing, where necessary, a by-produced nucleotide or an unreacted sugar nucleotide, and(iv) repeating the steps (i)-(iii) where necessary and releasing the glycoconjugate by selectively cleaving the cleavable linkage in the linker, from the above-mentioned primer connecting the sugar chain elongated by the transfer of plural sugar residues,and a method for producing a sphingoglycolipid.

Abstract: A shearing action of rubber by a rotor wing has a relation to a wing perpendicular component P.sub.z of P (see FIG. 4), and the larger the value of P.sub.z, the larger the shearing action. An agitating action of rubber has a relation to a wing parallel component P.sub.x of P (see FIG. 4), and the larger the value of P.sub.x, the larger the agitating action. In order to maintain the shearing action and the agitating action of rubber at a high level, in an internal rubber mixer a helix angle of a long wing 2 is set in a range of not less than 30.degree. and less than 50.degree.. Further, an axial directional length L.sub.s of a short wing 3 is made larger than that (.delta.) of a cut-off portion of the long wing 2. A rubber flow f-1 is thereby prevented from passing straight through a rotor space portion.