Abstract: The invention provides a heterostructure optoelectronic switching device showing a switch operation in response to a light injection for a subsequent light emission. The switching device comprises a pair of first and second bipolar transistors made of semiconductors showing a direct band-to-band transition. Each of the first and second bipolar transistors comprises collector and emitter layers and a base layer having a narrower energy band gap than energy band gaps of the collector and emitter layers. The base layers of the first and second bipolar transistors are connected to the collector layers of the second and first bipolar transistors respectively to allow the device to have a positive feedback feature. The emitter layers of the first and second bipolar transistors are connected to a first terminal.

Abstract: A light connecting device for routing information uses only light signals. The light connecting device includes photoelectric input/output elements having a light threshold and a light memory, a polarized beam splitter, and light delay circuits having different light delays. The light input signal includes a timing signal and an information signal sequentially input into the beam splitter. The timing light signal is separated from the other signals using the beam splitter and then input into the respective photoelectric input/output elements through the light delay circuits. If the address light signal is incident in synchronization with that of the timing light signal, only the element on which the address and timing lights are simultaneously incident is turned ON and acts as a light amplifier by injecting current to amplify the information signals.

Abstract: A 1,1-bis(2,7-diglycidyloxy-1-naphthyl)alkane as an epoxy resin; a 1,1-bis(2,7-dihydroxy-1-naphthyl)alkane as an intermediate for said epoxy resin; a process for producing said intermediate comprising reacting 2,7-dihydroxy-1-naphthalene and an aldehyde; a process for producing said epoxy resin comprising reacting said intermediate and an epihalohydrin; and an epoxy resin composition comprising said epoxy resin and a curing agent. The epoxy resin has a low melt viscosity while exhibiting excellent heat resistance.

Abstract: A matrix of optical functional devices are divided into plural device units. Each of the device units includes at least two optical functional devices having light transmitting coatings. The coatings have transmission factors which are different from each other. Light signals emitted through the coatings from the at least two optical functional devices in each unit are received by a corresponding light receiving device among light receiving devices arranged in a one-dimensional pattern. In each device unit optical functional devices to be driven are selected, so that a coupling degree between each device unit and the corresponding light receiving device is changed.

Abstract: A semiconductor optical memory includes a gate layer composed of a p- first semiconductor layer, a p- or n- second semiconductor layer, and an n- third semiconductor layer provided between a cathode layer and an anode layer. Where the second layer is of n- type, an impurity concentration of the n- second semiconductor layer is lower than an impurity concentration of the n- third semiconductor layer, and a bandgap eneray of the n- third semiconductor layer is lower than bandgap energies of the cathode and anode layers. Where the second layer is of p- type, an impurity concentration of the p- second semiconductor layer is lower than an impurity concentration of the p- first semiconductor layer, and a bandgap energy of the p- first semiconductor layer is lower than bandgap energies of the cathode and anode layers. As a result, a response speed becomes as fast as several 100 Mb/s.

Abstract: At least one electric pulse having a predetermined voltage which is higher than a switching voltage for a pnpn semiconductor device and a predetermined width is applied across the pnpn semiconductor device. The electric pulse width is set not to turn the pnpn semiconductor device on. Consequently, a predetermined amount of carriers are accumulated in the pnpn semiconductor device. In this circumstance, a trigger light is supplied to the pnpn semiconductor device to be turned on. As a result, an energy of the trigger light is largely decreased as compared to a conventional method.

Abstract: An apparatus for disintegrating calculuses of the type found in a human body, transmits a shockwave through a container filled with a liquid medium, into the body. The apparatus comprises a tank which stores the liquid, a sensor for detecting pressure in the container, and a liquid control system. When pressure exceeds a preset value, the control system transports liquid from the container to the tank until the pressure falls below the preset value.

Abstract: A space modulation matrix is composed of semiconductor transmittivity modulation elements arranged in a matrix pattern. A transmittivity of the transmittivity modulation elements is changed by supplying a light or applying a voltage greater than a switching voltage of the transmittivity modulation elements to a selected number of the transmittivity modulation elements, so that a space modulation is provided on the space modulation matrix, and is renewed by any number of times.

Abstract: X-ray mask images of a subject are acquired by a TV camera before a contrast media injected by a injector reaches a region of interest of the subject, the acquired X-ray mask images are stored in a mask image memory in accordance with a frame counter and a memory controller. X-ray contrast images of the subject are acquired by the TV camera after the contrast media reaches the region of interest of the subject, the acquired X-ray contrast images are stored in a contrast image memory in accordance with a frame counter and a memory controller. The mask images and contrast images are subtracted by a subtraction processor, and X-ray subtraction images are obtained. The X-ray images of the subject acquired by the TV camera and the X-ray subtraction images are superimposed by a superimposition processor, and then are displayed on a TV monitor.

Abstract: In an X-ray cinecamera apparatus with a TV camera, an X-ray tube for radiating X-rays to subject and cinecamera are operated by a controller in a desired timing differing from TV synchronous signals. After video signals output from a TV camera during an odd field period (or even field period) are written into field memory, both the video signals stored in field memory and the video signals output from TV camera during a continued even field period (or continued odd field period) are processed by the adder to a desired brightness level. As a result, flickerless X-ray dynamic images can be displayed on TV monitor.

Abstract: An ultrasound therapy apparatus having an applicator. The applicator comprises at least one ultrasonic beam emitter, at least two ultrasonic transducers, and a support member. The beam emitter emits an ultrasonic beam onto an object within a patient, for the purpose of treating the object. The transducers apply ultrasonic beams to the patient and detect ultrasonic echoes coming from the patient, thereby to form two tomograms, each of a selected plane of the patient, one plane intersecting with the other on a line passing through a region in which the beam emitted by the beam emitter is focused. The support member supports the beam emitter and the transducers in a specific positional relationship. Receivers receive echo signals corresponding to the ultrasonic echoes. Two displays display tomograms formed from these echo signals.

Abstract: A systematic method and apparatus for constructing a run length limited code in which the minimum number of continuous bits of the same binary value is constrained to d and the maximum number thereof is constrained to k.In converting m-bit data words to n-bit code words (n>m) to construct the run length limited code, selection means for n-bit code words usable to meet the d, k-constraint and a concatenation rule of the code words selected by the selection means are introduced.The selection means divides each of 2.sup.n n-bit bit sequences into a leading block L having l continuous bits of the same binary value, an end block R having .gamma. continuous bits of the same binary value and an intermediate block B having b(=n-l-.gamma.) bits between the blocks L and R.Only those n-bit bit sequences in which the blocks B thereof completely meet the d, k-constraint and the blocks L and R thereof meet conditions uniquely defined for given d and k are used as the code words.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes frame memories for storing information of an image to be displayed; a block memory for dividing the information stored in the frame memories into a given number of information blocks and storing the divided information blocks; a microcomputer circuit for automatically determining a desired value of each of LEVEL and WIDTH according to given contents of the divided information blocks; and an image emphasis circuit for window-processing information of the image to be displayed according to the determined value of each of the LEVEL and WIDTH.

Abstract: An X-ray photographing device of a digital fluorographic apparatus for use in X-ray diagnosis includes an image intensifier for converting X-rays transmitted through an object to an optical image, and a TV camera for converting the optical image to a television video signal. An effective video level range of the TV camera is narrower than that of the image intensifier. In order to perform a proper X-ray transmittance correction for the object, an X-ray television video signal is converted, at levels out of the effective video level range of the TV camera, to a maximum allowable input video level. In a TV monitor, the levels of the television signal which are out of the effective video signal level range of the TV camera are displayed at the maximum signal level to permit a ready transmittance correction operation. The subtraction image is displayed in accordance with the proper corrected levels.

Abstract: Disclosed is a digital recording and reproducing apparatus for television signal, which is designed to record and reproduce by sampling a television signal at a frequency lower than the Nyquist frequency, by dividing the sampled signal into blocks each of which is composed of adjacent plural sampling points, by orthogonally transforming in each block, and by subjecting the orthogonally transformed signal to weighted quantizing. The apparatus has achieved the reduction of recording bit and decrease of error propagation rate simultaneously so as to be applicable to recording and reproduction even in a home use VTR.

Abstract: A diagnostic X-ray apparatus emitting pulsed X-ray radiation includes a processor for performing digital X-ray subtraction of a previous mask image from current images. The apparatus includes circuitry for digitization of the video signals from an image intensifier-TV chain, digital subtraction to obtain digital difference signals, and subsequent reconversion of the resultant digital difference video signals to analog signals. Pulsed X-ray exposures are performed during the blanking periods of the TV camera following which the television fields immediately following the pulsed X-ray exposure are scanned and read out, and are supplied to the processor for performing the digital X-ray subtraction.

Abstract: A measuring conduit adapted for flow rate and concentration of a fluid for use in a measuring apparatus which measures both the flow rate of the fluid such as a respiratory gas containing a particular gas component, for example, carbon dioxide, using an ultrasonic wave and the concentration of the particular gas component in an optical manner. In order to simultaneously measure the flow rate and concentration and also to reduce the dead space of the measuring conduit, this measuring conduit comprises a single conduit member through which the fluid flows; a pair of ultrasonic transducers attached to the conduit member so as to face each other along a line slanted with respect to a flow direction of the fluid; and a pair of light transmitting windows airtightly provided in the wall of the conduit member between the ultrasonic transducers so as to face each other. One of the light transmitting windows introduces a light beam from an external light source into the conduit member.

Abstract: An ultrasonic flowmeter for measuring a flow rate in a conduit. A pair of ultrasonic transducers are disposed in a conduit so as to oppose each other such that a line connecting the pair of transducers is inclined by a predetermined angle with respect to a fluid flowing direction. The ultrasonic flowmeter includes: driving means for simultaneously driving the pair of ultrasonic transducers; means for measuring the primary time difference between a time when one ultrasonic transducer receives an ultrasonic wave which is radiated from the other ultrasonic transducer and a time when the other transducer receives an ultrasonic wave which is radiated from the first ultrasonic transducer.

Abstract: At a pair of recesses formed on an inner wall of a conduit along a line slanted with respect to the flow direction of a respiration gas flowing through the measuring conduit, a pair of ultrasonic transducers are provided with their ultrasonic transmitting and receiving surfaces oppositely facing each other along the above line. A propagating time T1 from the time when one of said ultrasonic transducers is driven to produce ultrasonic wave until the other transducer receives the ultrasonic wave, and a propagating time difference .DELTA.T are measured. A digital processor calculates a flow velocity of the respiration gas using the measured values in accordance with the following equation ##EQU1## where d is a distance between the pair of transducers free from an effect by the flow velocity of the gas; L a distance influenced by the flow velocity of the same; .theta. an angle of the direction of the respiration flow with respect to a line coupling the pair of transducers; .DELTA.

Abstract: A probe for an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus is provided which has a supporting plate and a plurality of electro-acoustic transducers arranged in a line on the supporting plate. A thin film with flexibility and watertightness is attached to the electro-acoustic transducers so that the spaces between the adjacent electro-acoustic transducers are hermetically sealed. The result is a reduction in the acoustic coupling between the adjacent transducers.