Abstract: A puncture sealing agent that is excellent in storage stability, and good in puncture sealing properties, and the like, is provided. A puncture sealing agent containing at least a synthetic rubber latex, wherein the gelation ratio as evaluated in a Maron-type mechanical stability test performed in accordance with JIS K 6387 is 0.001 to 10%.

Abstract: [Problem] A puncture sealing agent that is excellent in storage stability, and good in puncture sealing properties, and the like, is provided. [Solution means] A puncture sealing agent containing at least a synthetic rubber latex, wherein the gelation ratio as evaluated in a Maron-type mechanical stability test performed in accordance with JIS K 6387 is 0.001 to 10%.

Abstract: An information processing system operated by an active system and a standby system can reduce the load of a status synchronizing process. In a pair of an active information processing device and a standby information processing device closest to a transmitting terminal in the information processing system, the standby information processing device is arranged closer to the transmitting terminal. In a pair of an active information processing device and a standby information processing device closest to a receiving terminal in the information processing system, the standby information processing device is arranged closer to the receiving terminal. In other pair, a standby information processing device can be arranged closer to either the transmitting terminal or the receiving terminal.

Abstract: A phase-shift digital holographic apparatus shifts the phase of a reference wave by a phase shifting means, produces holographic image data by a holographic image pickup means having an image forming surface on which an object wave and the reference wave fall simultaneously, processes a plurality of holographic image data produced by the object wave and a plurality of reference waves of different phases determined by shifting the phase of the reference wave by the phase shifting means by an object wave calculating means to calculate phase data on the phase of the object wave and amplitude data on the amplitude of the object wave, and constitutes object wave data of the phase data on the phase of the object wave and the amplitude data on the amplitude of the object wave calculated by the object wave calculating means by a reproduced image calculating means and subjects the object wave data to a predetermined transformation process to calculate a reproduced image.

Abstract: A light beam emitted by a light source is projected through a collimator lens, a beam splitter and an objective on a sample having a laminated structure. The light beam reflected from the sample travels through the beam splitter to a detector and the detector provides a confocal signal. The detector provides an interference signal upon the reception of the reflected light beam and a reference light beam reflected by a reference mirror. The sample and the reference mirror are moved on the basis of the confocal signal and the interference signal, and the thickness and the refractive index of layer of the sample are determined on the basis of the respective displacements of the sample and the reference mirror.

Abstract: An electrode (4) is disposed spaced away from and in facing relation with an electrically conductive grinding wheel (2). There is applied a voltage across the grinding wheel and the electrode with making electrically conductive fluid (7) flow between the grinding wheel and the electrode. A position of the grinding wheel is numerically controlled with the grinding wheel being dressed by electrolysis to thereby grind a work with the grinding wheel. The work is ground in accordance with command data Zx.sup.(i), and then a shape of a ground surface is measured by means of a measuring device (12). The measurement data is filtered to thereby record shape error data e.sub.x.sup.(i). There is established new command data Zx.sup.(i+1) by adding compensation, and then the work is ground again with the thus established new command data. The compensation refers to past command data, and determines new command data to be equal to an expected value of the past command data.

Abstract: Determination of refractive index distribution is utilized, including data of all the positions of diffraction images on a plane, from the incident ray dispersed by the cylindrical glass rod when the ray passes therethrough. A linear approximation thereof is performed; and the angle of the outgoing ray is calculated using the intersection of the approximate lineation and a plane through which the incident ray passes. Much data can be employed to calculated the angle of the outgoing ray. This substantially improves the accuracy of measurement of the angle of the outgoing ray and further this makes it possible to determine the angle even if no image of the outgoing ray is present on the plane throgh which the incident ray passes.