Abstract: Catalytic composition comprising at least one non-aqueous ionic liquid medium of general formula Q1+A1?, in which Q1+ represents an organic cation and A1? represents an anion, and at least one ionic component of general formula Q2+A2?, in which Q2+ represents an organic cation comprising at least one sulphonic acid or carboxylic acid function, and A2? represents an anion. The invention also relates to an isobutene dimerization process using the catalytic composition.

Abstract: A method for optimizing the development of a fluid reservoir by means of an accelerated reservoir study. A geological model is constructed. A reservoir model is then constructed by upscaling the geological model. The links between cells of the geological model and a cell of the reservoir model where they are contained are determined and stored. Flow simulations are carried out by computer-implemented reservoir simulator, the reservoir model and the links. The above stages are then repeated without repeating the link determination, by modifying parameters of the reservoir study to optimize the development scheme. Finally, the reservoir is developed according to this optimized development scheme.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of controlling an internal-combustion engine (1) equipped with an exhaust gas recirculation circuit and with variable timing means, having a first actuator (8) and of a second actuator (9). The method comprises acquiring a torque setpoint for said engine Tqsp determining a position setpoint for the first actuator (8) VVTint and a position setpoint for the second actuator (9) VVTexh by using a burnt gas flow model (MEGB) that relates the position setpoints of the actuators to the engine torque setpoint Tqsp. The burnt gas flow model (MEGB) comprises a cylinder filling model (MR), the burnt gas fraction in the cylinder is controlled by applying position setpoints VVTint and VVTexh to the variable timing means (8 and 9).

Abstract: The invention is a method of developing a sedimentary basin from a stratigraphic simulation of multilithologic filling accounting for fine sediment transport. The sedimentary basin is broken up into geologic layers with each geologic layer being subdivided into a series of climatic layers. Each climatic layer is associated with at least one constant climatic parameter. A stratigraphic simulation is performed within each climatic layer using a stratigraphic model. The sediment transport in the continental domain and sediment bottom layer transport in the marine and lacustrine domains are modelled using nonlinear diffusion equations under maximum erosion rate constraint. Suspended sediment transport in the marine and lacustrine domain is modeled using an advection-diffusion equation accounting for a particle fall rate and of a marine and lacustrine current velocity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of controlling a hybrid drive system having at least one electric machine and at least one diesel engine. The invention corrects the static torque setpoint Teng,ssp of the diesel engine and is performed in transient state as follows: constructing a nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission model allowing estimation of the emissions of the diesel engine as a function of torque Teng of the diesel engine; calculating a dynamic NOx emission setpoint NOxsp from the NOx emission model and from the static torque setpoint Teng,ssp; determining a dynamic torque setpoint of the diesel engine Tengsp from NOx emission setpoint NOxsp; determining a dynamic torque setpoint of the electric machine Tmotsp as a function of the static torque setpoint Tpwtsp of the drive system and of the dynamic torque setpoint of the diesel engine TengspI and applying the dynamic torque setpoints to the drive system.

Abstract: A process for capturing sulphur impurities present in gas feeds containing H2 and/or CO: a. desulphurisation with a retaining material containing an active phase, b. optionally, rendering the sulphurised retaining material inert, c. oxidative regeneration of the retaining material, d. optionally, rendering the regenerated retaining material inert, and e. desulphurisation with the retaining material that has been regenerated and rendered inert, and regenerating the retaining material.

Abstract: A process for adsorption separation uses a solid IM-12 type adsorbent to separate a molecular species from any feed.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreatment of a feed from renewable sources such as vegetable oils for the production of paraffinic hydrocarbons comprising pre-treatment by crystallisation and/or precipitation allowing the elimination of insoluble inorganic impurities under hydrotreatment conditions. The flow of the total feed is divided up into a certain number of different, part flows equal to the number of catalytic zones in the reactor, and the different part flows are injected in the successive catalytic zones in increasing proportions to produce an effluent containing paraffinic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreatment of a feed from renewable sources such as vegetable oils for the production of paraffinic hydrocarbons comprising a pre-treatment step by crystallisation and/or precipitation and pre-hydrogenation of the feed under hydrogen allowing the elimination of insoluble inorganic impurities under hydrotreatment conditions and improved exothermal management of the reaction. The effluent is separated to a gas fraction and a liquid fraction containing paraffinic hydrocarbons, a portion of said liquid fraction is recycled.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of middle distillates from a paraffinic feedstock produced by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis comprising a limited content of molecules containing at least one oxygen atom in which said feedstock is subjected to at least one hydrocracking/hydroisomerization stage in the presence of a hydrogen stream also containing a limited atomic oxygen content.

Abstract: This invention describes a process for the production of middle distillates comprising at least one hydrocracking stage that oligomerizes a paraffinic feedstock produced by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, said process using a catalyst that comprises at least one hydrogenating-dehydrogenating metal that is selected from the group that is formed by the metals of group VIB and group VIII of the periodic table, by themselves or in a mixture, and a substrate that comprises a beta zeolite in the form of crystallites with a mean size that is less than 100 nm dispersed in at least one porous mineral matrix, whereby said beta zeolite has a mesopore volume of less than 0.4 ml/g.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of controlling a combustion engine (1) comprising at least one cylinder (2) and a manifold (3) and an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) circuit including an EGR valve. The EGR valve (6) is controlled by carrying out the following stages: a) measuring a pressure difference ?P in a portion of the exhaust gas recirculation circuit including the EGR valve; b) selecting a burnt gas fraction set point BGRsp in the intake manifold (3); c) calculating an opening set point for the EGR valve (6) from a pressure drop relation applied in a portion of the exhaust gas recirculation circuit including the EGR valve, depending on difference ?P at the EGR valve and on the burnt gas fraction set point BGRsp in the intake manifold; and d) controlling the EGR valve (6) as a function of the opening set point of EGR valve (6).

Abstract: In a method of controlling the combustion of a combustion engine from an estimation of the burnt gas mass fraction in the intake manifold, a measurement relative to a fresh air flow rate or to a burnt gas flow rate is performed upstream from the mixing space where fresh air and burnt gas mix. The burnt gas mass fraction present in the mixing space is then estimated from the measurement and from a model of the mixing dynamics in this space. A transport delay between the space and the intake manifold is estimated. The mass fraction of burnt gas in the intake manifold is then deduced in real time. Finally, combustion is controlled from the burnt gas mass fraction in the intake manifold.

Abstract: This invention relates to a plate that allows the distribution of a polyphase mixture in a reactor that operates in the trickle mode and that consists of at least one gaseous phase and at least one liquid phase, with the plate (10) being located above a catalytic particle bed, comprising a number of shafts (3), characterized in that a portion of the shafts of the plate, located close to the wall of the reactor chamber, called peripheral shafts, are truncated. The invention also relates to the use of the plate in a reactor for the purpose of carrying out reactions of hydrotreatment, hydrogenation, or oxidation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of estimating the internal state of a first electrochemical system for electric power storage, such as a battery, wherein at last one property relative to the internal state of the first electrochemical system is estimated from acoustic emission measurements.

Abstract: A method for optimizing the development of a fluid reservoir using a fractured medium mesh generated from a first-order balanced octree technique is disclosed. A mesh of a discrete fracture network is generated by defining a set of cells for each fracture. A mesh of the matrix medium is then generated by dividing each cell by an octree technique, wherein a cell is divided into eight cells. The cells resulting from the division are themselves split in eight, until each cell resulting from a division comprises a number of fractures below or equal to a given threshold. Transmissivities between the cells of the fracture mesh, transmissivities between the cells of the matrix medium mesh, and transmissivities between cells of the fracture mesh and cells of the matrix medium mesh are then determined. Finally, the cells and the transmissivities are used for generating an image of the fluid reservoir from which the development of the fluid reservoir is optimized.

Abstract: The present invention describes a hydrocracking and/or hydrotreatment process using a catalyst comprising an active phase containing at least one hydrogenating/dehydrogenating component selected from the group VIB elements and the non-precious elements of group VIII of the periodic table, used alone or in a mixture, and a support comprising at least one dealuminated zeolite Y having an overall initial atomic ratio of silicon to aluminium between 2.5 and 20, an initial weight fraction of extra-lattice aluminium atoms greater than 10%, relative to the total weight of aluminium present in the zeolite, an initial mesopore volume measured by nitrogen porosimetry greater than 0.07 ml·g?1 and an initial crystal lattice parameter a0 between 24.38 ? and 24.30 ?, said zeolite being modified by a) a stage of basic treatment comprising mixing said dealuminated zeolite Y with a basic aqueous solution, and at least one stage c) of thermal treatment.

Abstract: A process for dehydration of an ethanol feedstock into ethylene, comprising the vaporization of said dilute hydrated ethanol feedstock in an exchanger, with heat exchange with the effluent that is obtained from a last reactor, with said mixture being introduced into said vaporization stage at a pressure that is lower than the pressure of the effluent that is obtained from the last reactor, the compression of the mixture that is vaporized in a compressor, the introduction of the vaporized and compressed mixture, into at least one adiabatic reactor that contains at least one dehydration catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method of separating butene-2 from a C4 cut containing butene-2 and butene-1 by selective oligomerization of butene-1 to predominantly linear oligomers. Optional additional steps make it possible to separate isobutene, 1,3-butadiene as well as traces of acetylene hydrocarbons optionally present in the C4 feedstock.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method of separating pentene-2 from a C5 cut containing pentene-2 and pentene-1 by selective oligomerization of pentene-1 to dimers having a branching index less than or equal to 1. Optional additional steps make it possible to separate 2-methyl-2-butene, 2-methyl-1-butene, n-pentane, iso-pentane, pentadienes as well as traces of acetylene hydrocarbons optionally present in the C5 feedstock.